4 The following is a consolidated list of the kernel parameters as
5 implemented by the __setup(), core_param() and module_param() macros
6 and sorted into English Dictionary order (defined as ignoring all
7 punctuation and sorting digits before letters in a case insensitive
8 manner), and with descriptions where known.
10 The kernel parses parameters from the kernel command line up to "--";
11 if it doesn't recognize a parameter and it doesn't contain a '.', the
12 parameter gets passed to init: parameters with '=' go into init's
13 environment, others are passed as command line arguments to init.
14 Everything after "--" is passed as an argument to init.
16 Module parameters can be specified in two ways: via the kernel command
17 line with a module name prefix, or via modprobe, e.g.:
19 (kernel command line) usbcore.blinkenlights=1
20 (modprobe command line) modprobe usbcore blinkenlights=1
22 Parameters for modules which are built into the kernel need to be
23 specified on the kernel command line. modprobe looks through the
24 kernel command line (/proc/cmdline) and collects module parameters
25 when it loads a module, so the kernel command line can be used for
28 Hyphens (dashes) and underscores are equivalent in parameter names, so
29 log_buf_len=1M print-fatal-signals=1
30 can also be entered as
31 log-buf-len=1M print_fatal_signals=1
33 Double-quotes can be used to protect spaces in values, e.g.:
34 param="spaces in here"
36 This document may not be entirely up to date and comprehensive. The command
37 "modinfo -p ${modulename}" shows a current list of all parameters of a loadable
38 module. Loadable modules, after being loaded into the running kernel, also
39 reveal their parameters in /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/. Some of these
40 parameters may be changed at runtime by the command
41 "echo -n ${value} > /sys/module/${modulename}/parameters/${parm}".
43 The parameters listed below are only valid if certain kernel build options were
44 enabled and if respective hardware is present. The text in square brackets at
45 the beginning of each description states the restrictions within which a
46 parameter is applicable:
48 ACPI ACPI support is enabled.
49 AGP AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port) is enabled.
50 ALSA ALSA sound support is enabled.
51 APIC APIC support is enabled.
52 APM Advanced Power Management support is enabled.
53 ARM ARM architecture is enabled.
54 AVR32 AVR32 architecture is enabled.
55 AX25 Appropriate AX.25 support is enabled.
56 BLACKFIN Blackfin architecture is enabled.
57 CLK Common clock infrastructure is enabled.
58 CMA Contiguous Memory Area support is enabled.
59 DRM Direct Rendering Management support is enabled.
60 DYNAMIC_DEBUG Build in debug messages and enable them at runtime
61 EDD BIOS Enhanced Disk Drive Services (EDD) is enabled
62 EFI EFI Partitioning (GPT) is enabled
63 EIDE EIDE/ATAPI support is enabled.
64 EVM Extended Verification Module
65 FB The frame buffer device is enabled.
66 FTRACE Function tracing enabled.
67 GCOV GCOV profiling is enabled.
68 HW Appropriate hardware is enabled.
69 IA-64 IA-64 architecture is enabled.
70 IMA Integrity measurement architecture is enabled.
71 IOSCHED More than one I/O scheduler is enabled.
72 IP_PNP IP DHCP, BOOTP, or RARP is enabled.
73 IPV6 IPv6 support is enabled.
74 ISAPNP ISA PnP code is enabled.
75 ISDN Appropriate ISDN support is enabled.
76 JOY Appropriate joystick support is enabled.
77 KGDB Kernel debugger support is enabled.
78 KVM Kernel Virtual Machine support is enabled.
79 LIBATA Libata driver is enabled
80 LP Printer support is enabled.
81 LOOP Loopback device support is enabled.
82 M68k M68k architecture is enabled.
83 These options have more detailed description inside of
84 Documentation/m68k/kernel-options.txt.
85 MDA MDA console support is enabled.
86 MIPS MIPS architecture is enabled.
87 MOUSE Appropriate mouse support is enabled.
88 MSI Message Signaled Interrupts (PCI).
89 MTD MTD (Memory Technology Device) support is enabled.
90 NET Appropriate network support is enabled.
91 NUMA NUMA support is enabled.
92 NFS Appropriate NFS support is enabled.
93 OSS OSS sound support is enabled.
94 PV_OPS A paravirtualized kernel is enabled.
95 PARIDE The ParIDE (parallel port IDE) subsystem is enabled.
96 PARISC The PA-RISC architecture is enabled.
97 PCI PCI bus support is enabled.
98 PCIE PCI Express support is enabled.
99 PCMCIA The PCMCIA subsystem is enabled.
100 PNP Plug & Play support is enabled.
101 PPC PowerPC architecture is enabled.
102 PPT Parallel port support is enabled.
103 PS2 Appropriate PS/2 support is enabled.
104 RAM RAM disk support is enabled.
105 S390 S390 architecture is enabled.
106 SCSI Appropriate SCSI support is enabled.
107 A lot of drivers have their options described inside
108 the Documentation/scsi/ sub-directory.
109 SECURITY Different security models are enabled.
110 SELINUX SELinux support is enabled.
111 APPARMOR AppArmor support is enabled.
112 SERIAL Serial support is enabled.
113 SH SuperH architecture is enabled.
114 SMP The kernel is an SMP kernel.
115 SPARC Sparc architecture is enabled.
116 SWSUSP Software suspend (hibernation) is enabled.
117 SUSPEND System suspend states are enabled.
118 TPM TPM drivers are enabled.
119 TS Appropriate touchscreen support is enabled.
120 UMS USB Mass Storage support is enabled.
121 USB USB support is enabled.
122 USBHID USB Human Interface Device support is enabled.
123 V4L Video For Linux support is enabled.
124 VMMIO Driver for memory mapped virtio devices is enabled.
125 VGA The VGA console has been enabled.
126 VT Virtual terminal support is enabled.
127 WDT Watchdog support is enabled.
128 XT IBM PC/XT MFM hard disk support is enabled.
129 X86-32 X86-32, aka i386 architecture is enabled.
130 X86-64 X86-64 architecture is enabled.
131 More X86-64 boot options can be found in
132 Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt .
133 X86 Either 32-bit or 64-bit x86 (same as X86-32+X86-64)
134 XEN Xen support is enabled
136 In addition, the following text indicates that the option:
138 BUGS= Relates to possible processor bugs on the said processor.
139 KNL Is a kernel start-up parameter.
140 BOOT Is a boot loader parameter.
142 Parameters denoted with BOOT are actually interpreted by the boot
143 loader, and have no meaning to the kernel directly.
144 Do not modify the syntax of boot loader parameters without extreme
145 need or coordination with <Documentation/x86/boot.txt>.
147 There are also arch-specific kernel-parameters not documented here.
148 See for example <Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt>.
150 Note that ALL kernel parameters listed below are CASE SENSITIVE, and that
151 a trailing = on the name of any parameter states that that parameter will
152 be entered as an environment variable, whereas its absence indicates that
153 it will appear as a kernel argument readable via /proc/cmdline by programs
154 running once the system is up.
156 The number of kernel parameters is not limited, but the length of the
157 complete command line (parameters including spaces etc.) is limited to
158 a fixed number of characters. This limit depends on the architecture
159 and is between 256 and 4096 characters. It is defined in the file
160 ./include/asm/setup.h as COMMAND_LINE_SIZE.
162 Finally, the [KMG] suffix is commonly described after a number of kernel
163 parameter values. These 'K', 'M', and 'G' letters represent the _binary_
164 multipliers 'Kilo', 'Mega', and 'Giga', equalling 2^10, 2^20, and 2^30
165 bytes respectively. Such letter suffixes can also be entirely omitted.
168 acpi= [HW,ACPI,X86,ARM64]
169 Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
170 Format: { force | off | strict | noirq | rsdt |
172 force -- enable ACPI if default was off
173 off -- disable ACPI if default was on
174 noirq -- do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
175 strict -- Be less tolerant of platforms that are not
176 strictly ACPI specification compliant.
177 rsdt -- prefer RSDT over (default) XSDT
178 copy_dsdt -- copy DSDT to memory
179 For ARM64, ONLY "acpi=off" or "acpi=force" are available
181 See also Documentation/power/runtime_pm.txt, pci=noacpi
183 acpi_apic_instance= [ACPI, IOAPIC]
185 2: use 2nd APIC table, if available
186 1,0: use 1st APIC table
189 acpi_backlight= [HW,ACPI]
190 acpi_backlight=vendor
192 If set to vendor, prefer vendor specific driver
193 (e.g. thinkpad_acpi, sony_acpi, etc.) instead
194 of the ACPI video.ko driver.
196 acpi_force_32bit_fadt_addr
197 force FADT to use 32 bit addresses rather than the
198 64 bit X_* addresses. Some firmware have broken 64
199 bit addresses for force ACPI ignore these and use
200 the older legacy 32 bit addresses.
202 acpica_no_return_repair [HW, ACPI]
203 Disable AML predefined validation mechanism
204 This mechanism can repair the evaluation result to make
205 the return objects more ACPI specification compliant.
206 This option is useful for developers to identify the
207 root cause of an AML interpreter issue when the issue
208 has something to do with the repair mechanism.
210 acpi.debug_layer= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
211 acpi.debug_level= [HW,ACPI,ACPI_DEBUG]
213 CONFIG_ACPI_DEBUG must be enabled to produce any ACPI
214 debug output. Bits in debug_layer correspond to a
215 _COMPONENT in an ACPI source file, e.g.,
216 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PCI_COMPONENT
217 Bits in debug_level correspond to a level in
218 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT statements, e.g.,
219 ACPI_DEBUG_PRINT((ACPI_DB_INFO, ...
220 The debug_level mask defaults to "info". See
221 Documentation/acpi/debug.txt for more information about
222 debug layers and levels.
224 Enable processor driver info messages:
225 acpi.debug_layer=0x20000000
226 Enable PCI/PCI interrupt routing info messages:
227 acpi.debug_layer=0x400000
228 Enable AML "Debug" output, i.e., stores to the Debug
229 object while interpreting AML:
230 acpi.debug_layer=0xffffffff acpi.debug_level=0x2
231 Enable all messages related to ACPI hardware:
232 acpi.debug_layer=0x2 acpi.debug_level=0xffffffff
234 Some values produce so much output that the system is
235 unusable. The "log_buf_len" parameter may be useful
236 if you need to capture more output.
238 acpi_enforce_resources= [ACPI]
239 { strict | lax | no }
240 Check for resource conflicts between native drivers
241 and ACPI OperationRegions (SystemIO and SystemMemory
242 only). IO ports and memory declared in ACPI might be
243 used by the ACPI subsystem in arbitrary AML code and
244 can interfere with legacy drivers.
245 strict (default): access to resources claimed by ACPI
246 is denied; legacy drivers trying to access reserved
247 resources will fail to bind to device using them.
248 lax: access to resources claimed by ACPI is allowed;
249 legacy drivers trying to access reserved resources
250 will bind successfully but a warning message is logged.
251 no: ACPI OperationRegions are not marked as reserved,
252 no further checks are performed.
254 acpi_force_table_verification [HW,ACPI]
255 Enable table checksum verification during early stage.
256 By default, this is disabled due to x86 early mapping
259 acpi_irq_balance [HW,ACPI]
260 ACPI will balance active IRQs
263 acpi_irq_nobalance [HW,ACPI]
264 ACPI will not move active IRQs (default)
267 acpi_irq_isa= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, mark listed IRQs used by ISA
268 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
270 acpi_irq_pci= [HW,ACPI] If irq_balance, clear listed IRQs for
272 Format: <irq>,<irq>...
274 acpi_no_auto_serialize [HW,ACPI]
275 Disable auto-serialization of AML methods
276 AML control methods that contain the opcodes to create
277 named objects will be marked as "Serialized" by the
278 auto-serialization feature.
279 This feature is enabled by default.
280 This option allows to turn off the feature.
282 acpi_no_memhotplug [ACPI] Disable memory hotplug. Useful for kdump
285 acpi_no_static_ssdt [HW,ACPI]
286 Disable installation of static SSDTs at early boot time
287 By default, SSDTs contained in the RSDT/XSDT will be
288 installed automatically and they will appear under
289 /sys/firmware/acpi/tables.
290 This option turns off this feature.
291 Note that specifying this option does not affect
292 dynamic table installation which will install SSDT
293 tables to /sys/firmware/acpi/tables/dynamic.
295 acpi_rsdp= [ACPI,EFI,KEXEC]
296 Pass the RSDP address to the kernel, mostly used
297 on machines running EFI runtime service to boot the
298 second kernel for kdump.
300 acpi_os_name= [HW,ACPI] Tell ACPI BIOS the name of the OS
301 Format: To spoof as Windows 98: ="Microsoft Windows"
303 acpi_rev_override [ACPI] Override the _REV object to return 5 (instead
304 of 2 which is mandated by ACPI 6) as the supported ACPI
305 specification revision (when using this switch, it may
306 be necessary to carry out a cold reboot _twice_ in a
307 row to make it take effect on the platform firmware).
309 acpi_osi= [HW,ACPI] Modify list of supported OS interface strings
310 acpi_osi="string1" # add string1
311 acpi_osi="!string2" # remove string2
312 acpi_osi=!* # remove all strings
313 acpi_osi=! # disable all built-in OS vendor
315 acpi_osi= # disable all strings
317 'acpi_osi=!' can be used in combination with single or
318 multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific OS
319 vendor string(s). Note that such command can only
320 affect the default state of the OS vendor strings, thus
321 it cannot affect the default state of the feature group
322 strings and the current state of the OS vendor strings,
323 specifying it multiple times through kernel command line
324 is meaningless. This command is useful when one do not
325 care about the state of the feature group strings which
326 should be controlled by the OSPM.
328 1. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is equivalent
329 to 'acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!', they all
330 can make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE.
332 'acpi_osi=' cannot be used in combination with other
333 'acpi_osi=' command lines, the _OSI method will not
334 exist in the ACPI namespace. NOTE that such command can
335 only affect the _OSI support state, thus specifying it
336 multiple times through kernel command line is also
339 1. 'acpi_osi=' can make 'CondRefOf(_OSI, Local1)'
342 'acpi_osi=!*' can be used in combination with single or
343 multiple 'acpi_osi="string1"' to support specific
344 string(s). Note that such command can affect the
345 current state of both the OS vendor strings and the
346 feature group strings, thus specifying it multiple times
347 through kernel command line is meaningful. But it may
348 still not able to affect the final state of a string if
349 there are quirks related to this string. This command
350 is useful when one want to control the state of the
351 feature group strings to debug BIOS issues related to
354 1. 'acpi_osi="Module Device" acpi_osi=!*' can make
355 '_OSI("Module Device")' FALSE.
356 2. 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Module Device"' can make
357 '_OSI("Module Device")' TRUE.
358 3. 'acpi_osi=! acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000"' is
360 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi=! acpi_osi="Windows 2000"'
362 'acpi_osi=!* acpi_osi="Windows 2000" acpi_osi=!',
363 they all will make '_OSI("Windows 2000")' TRUE.
366 Override the pmtimer bug detection: force the kernel
367 to assume that this machine's pmtimer latches its value
368 and always returns good values.
370 acpi_sci= [HW,ACPI] ACPI System Control Interrupt trigger mode
371 Format: { level | edge | high | low }
373 acpi_skip_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
374 Recognize and ignore IRQ0/pin2 Interrupt Override.
375 For broken nForce2 BIOS resulting in XT-PIC timer.
377 acpi_sleep= [HW,ACPI] Sleep options
378 Format: { s3_bios, s3_mode, s3_beep, s4_nohwsig,
379 old_ordering, nonvs, sci_force_enable }
380 See Documentation/power/video.txt for information on
382 s3_beep is for debugging; it makes the PC's speaker beep
383 as soon as the kernel's real-mode entry point is called.
384 s4_nohwsig prevents ACPI hardware signature from being
385 used during resume from hibernation.
386 old_ordering causes the ACPI 1.0 ordering of the _PTS
387 control method, with respect to putting devices into
388 low power states, to be enforced (the ACPI 2.0 ordering
389 of _PTS is used by default).
390 nonvs prevents the kernel from saving/restoring the
391 ACPI NVS memory during suspend/hibernation and resume.
392 sci_force_enable causes the kernel to set SCI_EN directly
393 on resume from S1/S3 (which is against the ACPI spec,
394 but some broken systems don't work without it).
396 acpi_use_timer_override [HW,ACPI]
397 Use timer override. For some broken Nvidia NF5 boards
398 that require a timer override, but don't have HPET
400 add_efi_memmap [EFI; X86] Include EFI memory map in
401 kernel's map of available physical RAM.
404 { off | try_unsupported }
405 off: disable AGP support
406 try_unsupported: try to drive unsupported chipsets
407 (may crash computer or cause data corruption)
410 See Documentation/sound/alsa/alsa-parameters.txt
413 Allow the default userspace alignment fault handler
414 behaviour to be specified. Bit 0 enables warnings,
415 bit 1 enables fixups, and bit 2 sends a segfault.
417 align_va_addr= [X86-64]
418 Align virtual addresses by clearing slice [14:12] when
419 allocating a VMA at process creation time. This option
420 gives you up to 3% performance improvement on AMD F15h
421 machines (where it is enabled by default) for a
422 CPU-intensive style benchmark, and it can vary highly in
423 a microbenchmark depending on workload and compiler.
425 32: only for 32-bit processes
426 64: only for 64-bit processes
427 on: enable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
428 off: disable for both 32- and 64-bit processes
430 alloc_snapshot [FTRACE]
431 Allocate the ftrace snapshot buffer on boot up when the
432 main buffer is allocated. This is handy if debugging
433 and you need to use tracing_snapshot() on boot up, and
434 do not want to use tracing_snapshot_alloc() as it needs
435 to be done where GFP_KERNEL allocations are allowed.
437 amd_iommu= [HW,X86-64]
438 Pass parameters to the AMD IOMMU driver in the system.
440 fullflush - enable flushing of IO/TLB entries when
441 they are unmapped. Otherwise they are
442 flushed before they will be reused, which
444 off - do not initialize any AMD IOMMU found in
446 force_isolation - Force device isolation for all
447 devices. The IOMMU driver is not
448 allowed anymore to lift isolation
449 requirements as needed. This option
450 does not override iommu=pt
452 amd_iommu_dump= [HW,X86-64]
453 Enable AMD IOMMU driver option to dump the ACPI table
454 for AMD IOMMU. With this option enabled, AMD IOMMU
455 driver will print ACPI tables for AMD IOMMU during
456 IOMMU initialization.
458 amijoy.map= [HW,JOY] Amiga joystick support
459 Map of devices attached to JOY0DAT and JOY1DAT
461 See also Documentation/input/joystick.txt
463 analog.map= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick and gamepad support
464 Specifies type or capabilities of an analog joystick
465 connected to one of 16 gameports
466 Format: <type1>,<type2>,..<type16>
469 Power management functions (SPARCstation-4/5 + deriv.)
471 Disable APC CPU standby support. SPARCstation-Fox does
472 not play well with APC CPU idle - disable it if you have
473 APC and your system crashes randomly.
475 apic= [APIC,X86-32] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
476 Change the output verbosity whilst booting
477 Format: { quiet (default) | verbose | debug }
478 Change the amount of debugging information output
479 when initialising the APIC and IO-APIC components.
481 apic_extnmi= [APIC,X86] External NMI delivery setting
482 Format: { bsp (default) | all | none }
483 bsp: External NMI is delivered only to CPU 0
484 all: External NMIs are broadcast to all CPUs as a
486 none: External NMI is masked for all CPUs. This is
487 useful so that a dump capture kernel won't be
491 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
493 show_lapic= [APIC,X86] Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller
494 Limit apic dumping. The parameter defines the maximal
495 number of local apics being dumped. Also it is possible
496 to set it to "all" by meaning -- no limit here.
497 Format: { 1 (default) | 2 | ... | all }.
498 The parameter valid if only apic=debug or
499 apic=verbose is specified.
500 Example: apic=debug show_lapic=all
502 apm= [APM] Advanced Power Management
503 See header of arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c.
505 arcrimi= [HW,NET] ARCnet - "RIM I" (entirely mem-mapped) cards
506 Format: <io>,<irq>,<nodeID>
510 atarimouse= [HW,MOUSE] Atari Mouse
512 atkbd.extra= [HW] Enable extra LEDs and keys on IBM RapidAccess,
513 EzKey and similar keyboards
515 atkbd.reset= [HW] Reset keyboard during initialization
517 atkbd.set= [HW] Select keyboard code set
518 Format: <int> (2 = AT (default), 3 = PS/2)
520 atkbd.scroll= [HW] Enable scroll wheel on MS Office and similar
523 atkbd.softraw= [HW] Choose between synthetic and real raw mode
524 Format: <bool> (0 = real, 1 = synthetic (default))
526 atkbd.softrepeat= [HW]
527 Use software keyboard repeat
529 audit= [KNL] Enable the audit sub-system
530 Format: { "0" | "1" } (0 = disabled, 1 = enabled)
531 0 - kernel audit is disabled and can not be enabled
532 until the next reboot
533 unset - kernel audit is initialized but disabled and
534 will be fully enabled by the userspace auditd.
535 1 - kernel audit is initialized and partially enabled,
536 storing at most audit_backlog_limit messages in
537 RAM until it is fully enabled by the userspace
541 audit_backlog_limit= [KNL] Set the audit queue size limit.
542 Format: <int> (must be >=0)
545 baycom_epp= [HW,AX25]
548 baycom_par= [HW,AX25] BayCom Parallel Port AX.25 Modem
550 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_par.c.
552 baycom_ser_fdx= [HW,AX25]
553 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Full Duplex Mode)
554 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>[,<baud>]
555 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_fdx.c.
557 baycom_ser_hdx= [HW,AX25]
558 BayCom Serial Port AX.25 Modem (Half Duplex Mode)
559 Format: <io>,<irq>,<mode>
560 See header of drivers/net/hamradio/baycom_ser_hdx.c.
562 blkdevparts= Manual partition parsing of block device(s) for
563 embedded devices based on command line input.
564 See Documentation/block/cmdline-partition.txt
566 boot_delay= Milliseconds to delay each printk during boot.
567 Values larger than 10 seconds (10000) are changed to
571 bootmem_debug [KNL] Enable bootmem allocator debug messages.
573 bttv.card= [HW,V4L] bttv (bt848 + bt878 based grabber cards)
574 bttv.radio= Most important insmod options are available as
576 bttv.pll= See Documentation/video4linux/bttv/Insmod-options
579 bulk_remove=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
580 firmware feature for flushing multiple hpte entries
583 c101= [NET] Moxa C101 synchronous serial card
585 cachesize= [BUGS=X86-32] Override level 2 CPU cache size detection.
586 Sometimes CPU hardware bugs make them report the cache
587 size incorrectly. The kernel will attempt work arounds
588 to fix known problems, but for some CPUs it is not
589 possible to determine what the correct size should be.
590 This option provides an override for these situations.
592 ca_keys= [KEYS] This parameter identifies a specific key(s) on
593 the system trusted keyring to be used for certificate
595 format: { id:<keyid> | builtin }
597 cca= [MIPS] Override the kernel pages' cache coherency
598 algorithm. Accepted values range from 0 to 7
599 inclusive. See arch/mips/include/asm/pgtable-bits.h
600 for platform specific values (SB1, Loongson3 and
603 ccw_timeout_log [S390]
604 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
606 cgroup_disable= [KNL] Disable a particular controller
607 Format: {name of the controller(s) to disable}
608 The effects of cgroup_disable=foo are:
609 - foo isn't auto-mounted if you mount all cgroups in
611 - foo isn't visible as an individually mountable
613 {Currently only "memory" controller deal with this and
614 cut the overhead, others just disable the usage. So
615 only cgroup_disable=memory is actually worthy}
617 cgroup_no_v1= [KNL] Disable one, multiple, all cgroup controllers in v1
618 Format: { controller[,controller...] | "all" }
619 Like cgroup_disable, but only applies to cgroup v1;
620 the blacklisted controllers remain available in cgroup2.
622 cgroup.memory= [KNL] Pass options to the cgroup memory controller.
624 nosocket -- Disable socket memory accounting.
625 nokmem -- Disable kernel memory accounting.
627 checkreqprot [SELINUX] Set initial checkreqprot flag value.
628 Format: { "0" | "1" }
629 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
630 0 -- check protection applied by kernel (includes
631 any implied execute protection).
632 1 -- check protection requested by application.
633 Default value is set via a kernel config option.
634 Value can be changed at runtime via
635 /selinux/checkreqprot.
638 See Documentation/s390/CommonIO for details.
641 Prevents the clock framework from automatically gating
642 clocks that have not been explicitly enabled by a Linux
643 device driver but are enabled in hardware at reset or
644 by the bootloader/firmware. Note that this does not
645 force such clocks to be always-on nor does it reserve
646 those clocks in any way. This parameter is useful for
647 debug and development, but should not be needed on a
648 platform with proper driver support. For more
649 information, see Documentation/clk.txt.
651 clock= [BUGS=X86-32, HW] gettimeofday clocksource override.
653 Forces specified clocksource (if available) to be used
654 when calculating gettimeofday(). If specified
655 clocksource is not available, it defaults to PIT.
656 Format: { pit | tsc | cyclone | pmtmr }
658 clocksource= Override the default clocksource
660 Override the default clocksource and use the clocksource
661 with the name specified.
662 Some clocksource names to choose from, depending on
664 [all] jiffies (this is the base, fallback clocksource)
666 [ARM] imx_timer1,OSTS,netx_timer,mpu_timer2,
667 pxa_timer,timer3,32k_counter,timer0_1
669 [X86-32] pit,hpet,tsc;
670 scx200_hrt on Geode; cyclone on IBM x440
678 clearcpuid=BITNUM [X86]
679 Disable CPUID feature X for the kernel. See
680 arch/x86/include/asm/cpufeatures.h for the valid bit
681 numbers. Note the Linux specific bits are not necessarily
682 stable over kernel options, but the vendor specific
684 Also note that user programs calling CPUID directly
685 or using the feature without checking anything
686 will still see it. This just prevents it from
687 being used by the kernel or shown in /proc/cpuinfo.
688 Also note the kernel might malfunction if you disable
691 cma=nn[MG]@[start[MG][-end[MG]]]
693 Sets the size of kernel global memory area for
694 contiguous memory allocations and optionally the
695 placement constraint by the physical address range of
696 memory allocations. A value of 0 disables CMA
697 altogether. For more information, see
698 include/linux/dma-contiguous.h
700 cmo_free_hint= [PPC] Format: { yes | no }
701 Specify whether pages are marked as being inactive
702 when they are freed. This is used in CMO environments
703 to determine OS memory pressure for page stealing by
707 coherent_pool=nn[KMG] [ARM,KNL]
708 Sets the size of memory pool for coherent, atomic dma
709 allocations, by default set to 256K.
711 code_bytes [X86] How many bytes of object code to print
716 com20020= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM20020 chipset
718 <io>[,<irq>[,<nodeID>[,<backplane>[,<ckp>[,<timeout>]]]]]
720 com90io= [HW,NET] ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (IO-mapped buffers)
724 ARCnet - COM90xx chipset (memory-mapped buffers)
725 Format: <io>[,<irq>[,<memstart>]]
727 condev= [HW,S390] console device
730 console= [KNL] Output console device and options.
732 tty<n> Use the virtual console device <n>.
736 Use the specified serial port. The options are of
737 the form "bbbbpnf", where "bbbb" is the baud rate,
738 "p" is parity ("n", "o", or "e"), "n" is number of
739 bits, and "f" is flow control ("r" for RTS or
740 omit it). Default is "9600n8".
742 See Documentation/serial-console.txt for more
744 Documentation/networking/netconsole.txt for an
747 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
748 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
749 uart[8250],mmio16,<addr>[,options]
750 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
751 uart[8250],0x<addr>[,options]
752 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
753 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address,
754 switching to the matching ttyS device later.
755 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
756 (mmio), 16-bit (mmio16), or 32-bit (mmio32).
757 If none of [io|mmio|mmio16|mmio32], <addr> is assumed
758 to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified in
759 the same format described for ttyS above; if unspecified,
760 the h/w is not re-initialized.
762 hvc<n> Use the hypervisor console device <n>. This is for
763 both Xen and PowerPC hypervisors.
765 If the device connected to the port is not a TTY but a braille
766 device, prepend "brl," before the device type, for instance
768 For now, only VisioBraille is supported.
770 consoleblank= [KNL] The console blank (screen saver) timeout in
771 seconds. Defaults to 10*60 = 10mins. A value of 0
772 disables the blank timer.
775 [KNL] Change the default value for
776 /proc/<pid>/coredump_filter.
777 See also Documentation/filesystems/proc.txt.
779 cpuidle.off=1 [CPU_IDLE]
780 disable the cpuidle sub-system
783 [X86] Delay for N microsec between assert and de-assert
784 of APIC INIT to start processors. This delay occurs
785 on every CPU online, such as boot, and resume from suspend.
788 cpcihp_generic= [HW,PCI] Generic port I/O CompactPCI driver
790 <first_slot>,<last_slot>,<port>,<enum_bit>[,<debug>]
792 crashkernel=size[KMG][@offset[KMG]]
793 [KNL] Using kexec, Linux can switch to a 'crash kernel'
794 upon panic. This parameter reserves the physical
795 memory region [offset, offset + size] for that kernel
796 image. If '@offset' is omitted, then a suitable offset
797 is selected automatically. Check
798 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for further details.
800 crashkernel=range1:size1[,range2:size2,...][@offset]
801 [KNL] Same as above, but depends on the memory
802 in the running system. The syntax of range is
803 start-[end] where start and end are both
804 a memory unit (amount[KMG]). See also
805 Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for an example.
807 crashkernel=size[KMG],high
808 [KNL, x86_64] range could be above 4G. Allow kernel
809 to allocate physical memory region from top, so could
810 be above 4G if system have more than 4G ram installed.
811 Otherwise memory region will be allocated below 4G, if
813 It will be ignored if crashkernel=X is specified.
814 crashkernel=size[KMG],low
815 [KNL, x86_64] range under 4G. When crashkernel=X,high
816 is passed, kernel could allocate physical memory region
817 above 4G, that cause second kernel crash on system
818 that require some amount of low memory, e.g. swiotlb
819 requires at least 64M+32K low memory, also enough extra
820 low memory is needed to make sure DMA buffers for 32-bit
821 devices won't run out. Kernel would try to allocate at
822 at least 256M below 4G automatically.
823 This one let user to specify own low range under 4G
824 for second kernel instead.
825 0: to disable low allocation.
826 It will be ignored when crashkernel=X,high is not used
827 or memory reserved is below 4G.
832 cs89x0_media= [HW,NET]
833 Format: { rj45 | aui | bnc }
836 See header of drivers/s390/block/dasd_devmap.c.
838 db9.dev[2|3]= [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick support via parallel port
839 (one device per port)
840 Format: <port#>,<type>
841 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
843 ddebug_query= [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG] Enable debug messages at early boot
844 time. See Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for
845 details. Deprecated, see dyndbg.
847 debug [KNL] Enable kernel debugging (events log level).
850 [KNL] verbose self-tests
852 Print debugging info while doing the locking API
854 We default to 0 (no extra messages), setting it to
855 1 will print _a lot_ more information - normally
856 only useful to kernel developers.
858 debug_objects [KNL] Enable object debugging
861 [KNL] Disable object debugging
863 debug_guardpage_minorder=
864 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this
865 parameter allows control of the order of pages that will
866 be intentionally kept free (and hence protected) by the
867 buddy allocator. Bigger value increase the probability
868 of catching random memory corruption, but reduce the
869 amount of memory for normal system use. The maximum
870 possible value is MAX_ORDER/2. Setting this parameter
871 to 1 or 2 should be enough to identify most random
872 memory corruption problems caused by bugs in kernel or
873 driver code when a CPU writes to (or reads from) a
874 random memory location. Note that there exists a class
875 of memory corruptions problems caused by buggy H/W or
876 F/W or by drivers badly programing DMA (basically when
877 memory is written at bus level and the CPU MMU is
878 bypassed) which are not detectable by
879 CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC, hence this option will not help
880 tracking down these problems.
883 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC is set, this
884 parameter enables the feature at boot time. In
885 default, it is disabled. We can avoid allocating huge
886 chunk of memory for debug pagealloc if we don't enable
887 it at boot time and the system will work mostly same
888 with the kernel built without CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC.
889 on: enable the feature
891 debugpat [X86] Enable PAT debugging
893 decnet.addr= [HW,NET]
894 Format: <area>[,<node>]
895 See also Documentation/networking/decnet.txt.
898 [same as hugepagesz=] The size of the default
899 HugeTLB page size. This is the size represented by
900 the legacy /proc/ hugepages APIs, used for SHM, and
901 default size when mounting hugetlbfs filesystems.
902 Defaults to the default architecture's huge page size
906 Set number of hash buckets for dentry cache.
909 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
911 disable_cpu_apicid= [X86,APIC,SMP]
913 The number of initial APIC ID for the
914 corresponding CPU to be disabled at boot,
915 mostly used for the kdump 2nd kernel to
916 disable BSP to wake up multiple CPUs without
917 causing system reset or hang due to sending
920 disable_ddw [PPC/PSERIES]
921 Disable Dynamic DMA Window support. Use this if
922 to workaround buggy firmware.
925 See Documentation/networking/ipv6.txt.
927 disable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
928 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
929 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
930 entry later. This parameter disables that.
932 disable_mtrr_trim [X86, Intel and AMD only]
933 By default the kernel will trim any uncacheable
934 memory out of your available memory pool based on
935 MTRR settings. This parameter disables that behavior,
936 possibly causing your machine to run very slowly.
938 disable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
939 Disable PIN 1 of APIC timer
940 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs.
942 dis_ucode_ldr [X86] Disable the microcode loader.
944 dma_debug=off If the kernel is compiled with DMA_API_DEBUG support,
945 this option disables the debugging code at boot.
947 dma_debug_entries=<number>
948 This option allows to tune the number of preallocated
949 entries for DMA-API debugging code. One entry is
950 required per DMA-API allocation. Use this if the
951 DMA-API debugging code disables itself because the
952 architectural default is too low.
954 dma_debug_driver=<driver_name>
955 With this option the DMA-API debugging driver
956 filter feature can be enabled at boot time. Just
957 pass the driver to filter for as the parameter.
958 The filter can be disabled or changed to another
959 driver later using sysfs.
961 drm_kms_helper.edid_firmware=[<connector>:]<file>[,[<connector>:]<file>]
962 Broken monitors, graphic adapters, KVMs and EDIDless
963 panels may send no or incorrect EDID data sets.
964 This parameter allows to specify an EDID data sets
965 in the /lib/firmware directory that are used instead.
966 Generic built-in EDID data sets are used, if one of
967 edid/1024x768.bin, edid/1280x1024.bin,
968 edid/1680x1050.bin, or edid/1920x1080.bin is given
969 and no file with the same name exists. Details and
970 instructions how to build your own EDID data are
971 available in Documentation/EDID/HOWTO.txt. An EDID
972 data set will only be used for a particular connector,
973 if its name and a colon are prepended to the EDID
974 name. Each connector may use a unique EDID data
975 set by separating the files with a comma. An EDID
976 data set with no connector name will be used for
977 any connectors not explicitly specified.
981 dyndbg[="val"] [KNL,DYNAMIC_DEBUG]
982 module.dyndbg[="val"]
983 Enable debug messages at boot time. See
984 Documentation/dynamic-debug-howto.txt for details.
986 nompx [X86] Disables Intel Memory Protection Extensions.
987 See Documentation/x86/intel_mpx.txt for more
988 information about the feature.
990 nopku [X86] Disable Memory Protection Keys CPU feature found
994 on enable eager fpu restore
995 off disable eager fpu restore
996 auto selects the default scheme, which automatically
997 enables eagerfpu restore for xsaveopt.
999 module.async_probe [KNL]
1000 Enable asynchronous probe on this module.
1002 early_ioremap_debug [KNL]
1003 Enable debug messages in early_ioremap support. This
1004 is useful for tracking down temporary early mappings
1005 which are not unmapped.
1007 earlycon= [KNL] Output early console device and options.
1009 When used with no options, the early console is
1010 determined by the stdout-path property in device
1014 Start an early, polled-mode console on a cadence serial
1015 port at the specified address. The cadence serial port
1016 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1019 uart[8250],io,<addr>[,options]
1020 uart[8250],mmio,<addr>[,options]
1021 uart[8250],mmio32,<addr>[,options]
1022 uart[8250],mmio32be,<addr>[,options]
1023 uart[8250],0x<addr>[,options]
1024 Start an early, polled-mode console on the 8250/16550
1025 UART at the specified I/O port or MMIO address.
1026 MMIO inter-register address stride is either 8-bit
1027 (mmio) or 32-bit (mmio32 or mmio32be).
1028 If none of [io|mmio|mmio32|mmio32be], <addr> is assumed
1029 to be equivalent to 'mmio'. 'options' are specified
1030 in the same format described for "console=ttyS<n>"; if
1031 unspecified, the h/w is not initialized.
1035 Start an early, polled-mode console on a pl011 serial
1036 port at the specified address. The pl011 serial port
1037 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1038 yet supported. If 'mmio32' is specified, then only
1039 the driver will use only 32-bit accessors to read/write
1040 the device registers.
1043 Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial
1044 port at the specified address. The serial port
1045 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1048 msm_serial_dm,<addr>
1049 Start an early, polled-mode console on an msm serial
1050 dm port at the specified address. The serial port
1051 must already be setup and configured. Options are not
1054 smh Use ARM semihosting calls for early console.
1062 Use early console provided by serial driver available
1063 on Samsung SoCs, requires selecting proper type and
1064 a correct base address of the selected UART port. The
1065 serial port must already be setup and configured.
1066 Options are not yet supported.
1070 Use early console provided by Freescale LP UART driver
1071 found on Freescale Vybrid and QorIQ LS1021A processors.
1072 A valid base address must be provided, and the serial
1073 port must already be setup and configured.
1075 armada3700_uart,<addr>
1076 Start an early, polled-mode console on the
1077 Armada 3700 serial port at the specified
1078 address. The serial port must already be setup
1079 and configured. Options are not yet supported.
1081 earlyprintk= [X86,SH,BLACKFIN,ARM,M68k]
1085 earlyprintk=serial[,ttySn[,baudrate]]
1086 earlyprintk=serial[,0x...[,baudrate]]
1087 earlyprintk=ttySn[,baudrate]
1088 earlyprintk=dbgp[debugController#]
1089 earlyprintk=pciserial,bus:device.function[,baudrate]
1091 earlyprintk is useful when the kernel crashes before
1092 the normal console is initialized. It is not enabled by
1093 default because it has some cosmetic problems.
1095 Append ",keep" to not disable it when the real console
1098 Only one of vga, efi, serial, or usb debug port can
1101 Currently only ttyS0 and ttyS1 may be specified by
1102 name. Other I/O ports may be explicitly specified
1103 on some architectures (x86 and arm at least) by
1104 replacing ttySn with an I/O port address, like this:
1105 earlyprintk=serial,0x1008,115200
1106 You can find the port for a given device in
1107 /proc/tty/driver/serial:
1108 2: uart:ST16650V2 port:00001008 irq:18 ...
1110 Interaction with the standard serial driver is not
1113 The VGA and EFI output is eventually overwritten by
1116 The xen output can only be used by Xen PV guests.
1118 edac_report= [HW,EDAC] Control how to report EDAC event
1119 Format: {"on" | "off" | "force"}
1120 on: enable EDAC to report H/W event. May be overridden
1121 by other higher priority error reporting module.
1122 off: disable H/W event reporting through EDAC.
1123 force: enforce the use of EDAC to report H/W event.
1126 ekgdboc= [X86,KGDB] Allow early kernel console debugging
1129 This is designed to be used in conjunction with
1130 the boot argument: earlyprintk=vga
1133 Format: {"off" | "on" | "skip[mbr]"}
1136 Format: { "old_map", "nochunk", "noruntime", "debug" }
1137 old_map [X86-64]: switch to the old ioremap-based EFI
1138 runtime services mapping. 32-bit still uses this one by
1140 nochunk: disable reading files in "chunks" in the EFI
1141 boot stub, as chunking can cause problems with some
1142 firmware implementations.
1143 noruntime : disable EFI runtime services support
1144 debug: enable misc debug output
1146 efi_no_storage_paranoia [EFI; X86]
1147 Using this parameter you can use more than 50% of
1148 your efi variable storage. Use this parameter only if
1149 you are really sure that your UEFI does sane gc and
1150 fulfills the spec otherwise your board may brick.
1152 efi_fake_mem= nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa[,nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]:aa,..] [EFI; X86]
1153 Add arbitrary attribute to specific memory range by
1154 updating original EFI memory map.
1155 Region of memory which aa attribute is added to is
1157 If efi_fake_mem=2G@4G:0x10000,2G@0x10a0000000:0x10000
1158 is specified, EFI_MEMORY_MORE_RELIABLE(0x10000)
1159 attribute is added to range 0x100000000-0x180000000 and
1160 0x10a0000000-0x1120000000.
1162 Using this parameter you can do debugging of EFI memmap
1163 related feature. For example, you can do debugging of
1164 Address Range Mirroring feature even if your box
1167 eisa_irq_edge= [PARISC,HW]
1168 See header of drivers/parisc/eisa.c.
1171 See comment before function elanfreq_setup() in
1172 arch/x86/kernel/cpu/cpufreq/elanfreq.c.
1175 Format: {"cfq" | "deadline" | "noop"}
1176 See Documentation/block/cfq-iosched.txt and
1177 Documentation/block/deadline-iosched.txt for details.
1179 elfcorehdr=[size[KMG]@]offset[KMG] [IA64,PPC,SH,X86,S390]
1180 Specifies physical address of start of kernel core
1181 image elf header and optionally the size. Generally
1182 kexec loader will pass this option to capture kernel.
1183 See Documentation/kdump/kdump.txt for details.
1185 enable_mtrr_cleanup [X86]
1186 The kernel tries to adjust MTRR layout from continuous
1187 to discrete, to make X server driver able to add WB
1188 entry later. This parameter enables that.
1190 enable_timer_pin_1 [X86]
1191 Enable PIN 1 of APIC timer
1192 Can be useful to work around chipset bugs
1193 (in particular on some ATI chipsets).
1194 The kernel tries to set a reasonable default.
1196 enforcing [SELINUX] Set initial enforcing status.
1198 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
1199 0 -- permissive (log only, no denials).
1200 1 -- enforcing (deny and log).
1202 Value can be changed at runtime via /selinux/enforce.
1205 Disable Error Record Serialization Table (ERST)
1208 ether= [HW,NET] Ethernet cards parameters
1209 This option is obsoleted by the "netdev=" option, which
1210 has equivalent usage. See its documentation for details.
1214 Permit 'security.evm' to be updated regardless of
1215 current integrity status.
1219 fail_make_request=[KNL]
1220 General fault injection mechanism.
1221 Format: <interval>,<probability>,<space>,<times>
1222 See also Documentation/fault-injection/.
1225 See Documentation/blockdev/floppy.txt.
1227 force_pal_cache_flush
1228 [IA-64] Avoid check_sal_cache_flush which may hang on
1229 buggy SAL_CACHE_FLUSH implementations. Using this
1230 parameter will force ia64_sal_cache_flush to call
1231 ia64_pal_cache_flush instead of SAL_CACHE_FLUSH.
1234 Forcefully enable Physical Address Extension (PAE).
1235 Many Pentium M systems disable PAE but may have a
1236 functionally usable PAE implementation.
1237 Warning: use of this parameter will taint the kernel
1238 and may cause unknown problems.
1241 [FTRACE] will set and start the specified tracer
1242 as early as possible in order to facilitate early
1245 ftrace_dump_on_oops[=orig_cpu]
1246 [FTRACE] will dump the trace buffers on oops.
1247 If no parameter is passed, ftrace will dump
1248 buffers of all CPUs, but if you pass orig_cpu, it will
1249 dump only the buffer of the CPU that triggered the
1252 ftrace_filter=[function-list]
1253 [FTRACE] Limit the functions traced by the function
1254 tracer at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
1255 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
1256 time by the set_ftrace_filter file in the debugfs
1259 ftrace_notrace=[function-list]
1260 [FTRACE] Do not trace the functions specified in
1261 function-list. This list can be changed at run time
1262 by the set_ftrace_notrace file in the debugfs
1265 ftrace_graph_filter=[function-list]
1266 [FTRACE] Limit the top level callers functions traced
1267 by the function graph tracer at boot up.
1268 function-list is a comma separated list of functions
1269 that can be changed at run time by the
1270 set_graph_function file in the debugfs tracing directory.
1272 ftrace_graph_notrace=[function-list]
1273 [FTRACE] Do not trace from the functions specified in
1274 function-list. This list is a comma separated list of
1275 functions that can be changed at run time by the
1276 set_graph_notrace file in the debugfs tracing directory.
1279 [HW,JOY] Multisystem joystick and NES/SNES/PSX pad
1280 support via parallel port (up to 5 devices per port)
1281 Format: <port#>,<pad1>,<pad2>,<pad3>,<pad4>,<pad5>
1282 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
1286 gart_fix_e820= [X86_64] disable the fix e820 for K8 GART
1290 gcov_persist= [GCOV] When non-zero (default), profiling data for
1291 kernel modules is saved and remains accessible via
1292 debugfs, even when the module is unloaded/reloaded.
1293 When zero, profiling data is discarded and associated
1294 debugfs files are removed at module unload time.
1296 gpt [EFI] Forces disk with valid GPT signature but
1297 invalid Protective MBR to be treated as GPT. If the
1298 primary GPT is corrupted, it enables the backup/alternate
1299 GPT to be used instead.
1301 grcan.enable0= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 0. Determines
1302 the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register.
1305 grcan.enable1= [HW] Configuration of physical interface 1. Determines
1306 the "Enable 0" bit of the configuration register.
1309 grcan.select= [HW] Select which physical interface to use.
1312 grcan.txsize= [HW] Sets the size of the tx buffer.
1313 Format: <unsigned int> such that (txsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0.
1315 grcan.rxsize= [HW] Sets the size of the rx buffer.
1316 Format: <unsigned int> such that (rxsize & ~0x1fffc0) == 0.
1319 hardlockup_all_cpu_backtrace=
1320 [KNL] Should the hard-lockup detector generate
1321 backtraces on all cpus.
1324 hashdist= [KNL,NUMA] Large hashes allocated during boot
1325 are distributed across NUMA nodes. Defaults on
1326 for 64-bit NUMA, off otherwise.
1327 Format: 0 | 1 (for off | on)
1329 hcl= [IA-64] SGI's Hardware Graph compatibility layer
1331 hd= [EIDE] (E)IDE hard drive subsystem geometry
1332 Format: <cyl>,<head>,<sect>
1335 Disable Hardware Error Source Table (HEST) support;
1336 corresponding firmware-first mode error processing
1337 logic will be disabled.
1339 highmem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] forces the highmem zone to have an exact
1340 size of <nn>. This works even on boxes that have no
1341 highmem otherwise. This also works to reduce highmem
1342 size on bigger boxes.
1344 highres= [KNL] Enable/disable high resolution timer mode.
1345 Valid parameters: "on", "off"
1349 See Documentation/isdn/README.HiSax.
1353 hpet= [X86-32,HPET] option to control HPET usage
1354 Format: { enable (default) | disable | force |
1356 disable: disable HPET and use PIT instead
1357 force: allow force enabled of undocumented chips (ICH4,
1359 verbose: show contents of HPET registers during setup
1361 hpet_mmap= [X86, HPET_MMAP] Allow userspace to mmap HPET
1362 registers. Default set by CONFIG_HPET_MMAP_DEFAULT.
1364 hugepages= [HW,X86-32,IA-64] HugeTLB pages to allocate at boot.
1365 hugepagesz= [HW,IA-64,PPC,X86-64] The size of the HugeTLB pages.
1366 On x86-64 and powerpc, this option can be specified
1367 multiple times interleaved with hugepages= to reserve
1368 huge pages of different sizes. Valid pages sizes on
1369 x86-64 are 2M (when the CPU supports "pse") and 1G
1370 (when the CPU supports the "pdpe1gb" cpuinfo flag).
1372 hvc_iucv= [S390] Number of z/VM IUCV hypervisor console (HVC)
1373 terminal devices. Valid values: 0..8
1374 hvc_iucv_allow= [S390] Comma-separated list of z/VM user IDs.
1375 If specified, z/VM IUCV HVC accepts connections
1376 from listed z/VM user IDs only.
1378 hwthread_map= [METAG] Comma-separated list of Linux cpu id to
1379 hardware thread id mappings.
1380 Format: <cpu>:<hwthread>
1383 Do not unregister boot console at start. This is only
1384 useful for debugging when something happens in the window
1385 between unregistering the boot console and initializing
1388 i2c_bus= [HW] Override the default board specific I2C bus speed
1389 or register an additional I2C bus that is not
1390 registered from board initialization code.
1394 i8042.debug [HW] Toggle i8042 debug mode
1395 i8042.unmask_kbd_data
1396 [HW] Enable printing of interrupt data from the KBD port
1397 (disabled by default, and as a pre-condition
1398 requires that i8042.debug=1 be enabled)
1399 i8042.direct [HW] Put keyboard port into non-translated mode
1400 i8042.dumbkbd [HW] Pretend that controller can only read data from
1401 keyboard and cannot control its state
1402 (Don't attempt to blink the leds)
1403 i8042.noaux [HW] Don't check for auxiliary (== mouse) port
1404 i8042.nokbd [HW] Don't check/create keyboard port
1405 i8042.noloop [HW] Disable the AUX Loopback command while probing
1407 i8042.nomux [HW] Don't check presence of an active multiplexing
1409 i8042.nopnp [HW] Don't use ACPIPnP / PnPBIOS to discover KBD/AUX
1411 i8042.notimeout [HW] Ignore timeout condition signalled by controller
1412 i8042.reset [HW] Reset the controller during init and cleanup
1413 i8042.unlock [HW] Unlock (ignore) the keylock
1414 i8042.kbdreset [HW] Reset device connected to KBD port
1418 i8k.ignore_dmi [HW] Continue probing hardware even if DMI data
1419 indicates that the driver is running on unsupported
1421 i8k.force [HW] Activate i8k driver even if SMM BIOS signature
1422 does not match list of supported models.
1424 [HW] Report power status in /proc/i8k
1425 (disabled by default)
1426 i8k.restricted [HW] Allow controlling fans only if SYS_ADMIN
1429 i915.invert_brightness=
1430 [DRM] Invert the sense of the variable that is used to
1431 set the brightness of the panel backlight. Normally a
1432 brightness value of 0 indicates backlight switched off,
1433 and the maximum of the brightness value sets the backlight
1434 to maximum brightness. If this parameter is set to 0
1435 (default) and the machine requires it, or this parameter
1436 is set to 1, a brightness value of 0 sets the backlight
1437 to maximum brightness, and the maximum of the brightness
1438 value switches the backlight off.
1439 -1 -- never invert brightness
1440 0 -- machine default
1441 1 -- force brightness inversion
1444 Format: <io>[,<membase>[,<icn_id>[,<icn_id2>]]]
1446 ide-core.nodma= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1447 Format: =0.0 to prevent dma on hda, =0.1 hdb =1.0 hdc
1448 .vlb_clock .pci_clock .noflush .nohpa .noprobe .nowerr
1449 .cdrom .chs .ignore_cable are additional options
1450 See Documentation/ide/ide.txt.
1452 ide-generic.probe-mask= [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1454 Probe mask for legacy ISA IDE ports. Depending on
1455 platform up to 6 ports are supported, enabled by
1456 setting corresponding bits in the mask to 1. The
1457 default value is 0x0, which has a special meaning.
1458 On systems that have PCI, it triggers scanning the
1459 PCI bus for the first and the second port, which
1460 are then probed. On systems without PCI the value
1461 of 0x0 enables probing the two first ports as if it
1464 ide-pci-generic.all-generic-ide [HW] (E)IDE subsystem
1465 Claim all unknown PCI IDE storage controllers.
1468 Format: idle=poll, idle=halt, idle=nomwait
1469 Poll forces a polling idle loop that can slightly
1470 improve the performance of waking up a idle CPU, but
1471 will use a lot of power and make the system run hot.
1473 idle=halt: Halt is forced to be used for CPU idle.
1474 In such case C2/C3 won't be used again.
1475 idle=nomwait: Disable mwait for CPU C-states
1477 ieee754= [MIPS] Select IEEE Std 754 conformance mode
1478 Format: { strict | legacy | 2008 | relaxed }
1481 Choose which programs will be accepted for execution
1482 based on the IEEE 754 NaN encoding(s) supported by
1483 the FPU and the NaN encoding requested with the value
1484 of an ELF file header flag individually set by each
1485 binary. Hardware implementations are permitted to
1486 support either or both of the legacy and the 2008 NaN
1489 Available settings are as follows:
1490 strict accept binaries that request a NaN encoding
1491 supported by the FPU
1492 legacy only accept legacy-NaN binaries, if supported
1494 2008 only accept 2008-NaN binaries, if supported
1496 relaxed accept any binaries regardless of whether
1497 supported by the FPU
1499 The FPU emulator is always able to support both NaN
1500 encodings, so if no FPU hardware is present or it has
1501 been disabled with 'nofpu', then the settings of
1502 'legacy' and '2008' strap the emulator accordingly,
1503 'relaxed' straps the emulator for both legacy-NaN and
1504 2008-NaN, whereas 'strict' enables legacy-NaN only on
1505 legacy processors and both NaN encodings on MIPS32 or
1508 The setting for ABS.fmt/NEG.fmt instruction execution
1509 mode generally follows that for the NaN encoding,
1510 except where unsupported by hardware.
1512 ignore_loglevel [KNL]
1513 Ignore loglevel setting - this will print /all/
1514 kernel messages to the console. Useful for debugging.
1515 We also add it as printk module parameter, so users
1516 could change it dynamically, usually by
1517 /sys/module/printk/parameters/ignore_loglevel.
1520 Ignore RLIMIT_DATA setting for data mappings,
1521 print warning at first misuse. Can be changed via
1522 /sys/module/kernel/parameters/ignore_rlimit_data.
1524 ihash_entries= [KNL]
1525 Set number of hash buckets for inode cache.
1527 ima_appraise= [IMA] appraise integrity measurements
1528 Format: { "off" | "enforce" | "fix" | "log" }
1531 ima_appraise_tcb [IMA]
1532 The builtin appraise policy appraises all files
1536 Format: { md5 | sha1 | rmd160 | sha256 | sha384
1540 The list of supported hash algorithms is defined
1541 in crypto/hash_info.h.
1544 The builtin measurement policy to load during IMA
1545 setup. Specyfing "tcb" as the value, measures all
1546 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
1547 opened with the read mode bit set by either the
1548 effective uid (euid=0) or uid=0.
1551 ima_tcb [IMA] Deprecated. Use ima_policy= instead.
1552 Load a policy which meets the needs of the Trusted
1553 Computing Base. This means IMA will measure all
1554 programs exec'd, files mmap'd for exec, and all files
1555 opened for read by uid=0.
1558 Select one of defined IMA measurements template formats.
1559 Formats: { "ima" | "ima-ng" | "ima-sig" }
1563 [IMA] Define a custom template format.
1564 Format: { "field1|...|fieldN" }
1566 ima.ahash_minsize= [IMA] Minimum file size for asynchronous hash usage
1567 Format: <min_file_size>
1568 Set the minimal file size for using asynchronous hash.
1569 If left unspecified, ahash usage is disabled.
1571 ahash performance varies for different data sizes on
1572 different crypto accelerators. This option can be used
1573 to achieve the best performance for a particular HW.
1575 ima.ahash_bufsize= [IMA] Asynchronous hash buffer size
1577 Set hashing buffer size. Default: 4k.
1579 ahash performance varies for different chunk sizes on
1580 different crypto accelerators. This option can be used
1581 to achieve best performance for particular HW.
1585 Run specified binary instead of /sbin/init as init
1588 initcall_debug [KNL] Trace initcalls as they are executed. Useful
1589 for working out where the kernel is dying during
1592 initcall_blacklist= [KNL] Do not execute a comma-separated list of
1593 initcall functions. Useful for debugging built-in
1594 modules and initcalls.
1596 initrd= [BOOT] Specify the location of the initial ramdisk
1598 inport.irq= [HW] Inport (ATI XL and Microsoft) busmouse driver
1601 int_pln_enable [x86] Enable power limit notification interrupt
1603 integrity_audit=[IMA]
1604 Format: { "0" | "1" }
1605 0 -- basic integrity auditing messages. (Default)
1606 1 -- additional integrity auditing messages.
1608 intel_iommu= [DMAR] Intel IOMMU driver (DMAR) option
1610 Enable intel iommu driver.
1612 Disable intel iommu driver.
1613 igfx_off [Default Off]
1614 By default, gfx is mapped as normal device. If a gfx
1615 device has a dedicated DMAR unit, the DMAR unit is
1616 bypassed by not enabling DMAR with this option. In
1617 this case, gfx device will use physical address for
1620 With this option iommu will not optimize to look
1621 for io virtual address below 32-bit forcing dual
1622 address cycle on pci bus for cards supporting greater
1623 than 32-bit addressing. The default is to look
1624 for translation below 32-bit and if not available
1625 then look in the higher range.
1626 strict [Default Off]
1627 With this option on every unmap_single operation will
1628 result in a hardware IOTLB flush operation as opposed
1629 to batching them for performance.
1630 sp_off [Default Off]
1631 By default, super page will be supported if Intel IOMMU
1632 has the capability. With this option, super page will
1634 ecs_off [Default Off]
1635 By default, extended context tables will be supported if
1636 the hardware advertises that it has support both for the
1637 extended tables themselves, and also PASID support. With
1638 this option set, extended tables will not be used even
1639 on hardware which claims to support them.
1641 intel_idle.max_cstate= [KNL,HW,ACPI,X86]
1642 0 disables intel_idle and fall back on acpi_idle.
1643 1 to 6 specify maximum depth of C-state.
1647 Do not enable intel_pstate as the default
1648 scaling driver for the supported processors
1650 Enable intel_pstate on systems that prohibit it by default
1651 in favor of acpi-cpufreq. Forcing the intel_pstate driver
1652 instead of acpi-cpufreq may disable platform features, such
1653 as thermal controls and power capping, that rely on ACPI
1654 P-States information being indicated to OSPM and therefore
1655 should be used with caution. This option does not work with
1656 processors that aren't supported by the intel_pstate driver
1657 or on platforms that use pcc-cpufreq instead of acpi-cpufreq.
1659 Do not enable hardware P state control (HWP)
1662 Only load intel_pstate on systems which support
1663 hardware P state control (HWP) if available.
1665 Enforce ACPI _PPC performance limits. If the Fixed ACPI
1666 Description Table, specifies preferred power management
1667 profile as "Enterprise Server" or "Performance Server",
1668 then this feature is turned on by default.
1670 intremap= [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU]
1671 on enable Interrupt Remapping (default)
1672 off disable Interrupt Remapping
1673 nosid disable Source ID checking
1675 BIOS x2APIC opt-out request will be ignored
1676 nopost disable Interrupt Posting
1678 iomem= Disable strict checking of access to MMIO memory
1679 strict regions from userspace.
1694 nobypass [PPC/POWERNV]
1695 Disable IOMMU bypass, using IOMMU for PCI devices.
1698 io7= [HW] IO7 for Marvel based alpha systems
1699 See comment before marvel_specify_io7 in
1700 arch/alpha/kernel/core_marvel.c.
1702 io_delay= [X86] I/O delay method
1704 Standard port 0x80 based delay
1706 Alternate port 0xed based delay (needed on some systems)
1708 Simple two microseconds delay
1713 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
1715 irqaffinity= [SMP] Set the default irq affinity mask
1717 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1719 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1720 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
1722 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
1725 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1726 for it. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1730 When an interrupt is not handled search all handlers
1731 for it. Also check all handlers each timer
1732 interrupt. Intended to get systems with badly broken
1736 Format: <RDP>,<reset>,<pci_scan>,<verbosity>
1738 isolcpus= [KNL,SMP] Isolate CPUs from the general scheduler.
1740 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>
1742 <cpu number>-<cpu number>
1743 (must be a positive range in ascending order)
1745 <cpu number>,...,<cpu number>-<cpu number>
1747 This option can be used to specify one or more CPUs
1748 to isolate from the general SMP balancing and scheduling
1749 algorithms. You can move a process onto or off an
1750 "isolated" CPU via the CPU affinity syscalls or cpuset.
1751 <cpu number> begins at 0 and the maximum value is
1752 "number of CPUs in system - 1".
1754 This option is the preferred way to isolate CPUs. The
1755 alternative -- manually setting the CPU mask of all
1756 tasks in the system -- can cause problems and
1757 suboptimal load balancer performance.
1761 ivrs_ioapic [HW,X86_64]
1762 Provide an override to the IOAPIC-ID<->DEVICE-ID
1763 mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
1764 example, to map IOAPIC-ID decimal 10 to
1765 PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as:
1766 ivrs_ioapic[10]=00:14.0
1768 ivrs_hpet [HW,X86_64]
1769 Provide an override to the HPET-ID<->DEVICE-ID
1770 mapping provided in the IVRS ACPI table. For
1771 example, to map HPET-ID decimal 0 to
1772 PCI device 00:14.0 write the parameter as:
1773 ivrs_hpet[0]=00:14.0
1775 js= [HW,JOY] Analog joystick
1776 See Documentation/input/joystick.txt.
1779 Enable/disable kernel and module base offset ASLR
1780 (Address Space Layout Randomization) if built into
1781 the kernel. When CONFIG_HIBERNATION is selected,
1782 kASLR is disabled by default. When kASLR is enabled,
1783 hibernation will be disabled.
1787 kernelcore= [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC]
1788 Format: nn[KMGTPE] | "mirror"
1790 specifies the amount of memory usable by the kernel
1791 for non-movable allocations. The requested amount is
1792 spread evenly throughout all nodes in the system. The
1793 remaining memory in each node is used for Movable
1794 pages. In the event, a node is too small to have both
1795 kernelcore and Movable pages, kernelcore pages will
1796 take priority and other nodes will have a larger number
1797 of Movable pages. The Movable zone is used for the
1798 allocation of pages that may be reclaimed or moved
1799 by the page migration subsystem. This means that
1800 HugeTLB pages may not be allocated from this zone.
1801 Note that allocations like PTEs-from-HighMem still
1802 use the HighMem zone if it exists, and the Normal
1803 zone if it does not.
1805 Instead of specifying the amount of memory (nn[KMGTPE]),
1806 you can specify "mirror" option. In case "mirror"
1807 option is specified, mirrored (reliable) memory is used
1808 for non-movable allocations and remaining memory is used
1809 for Movable pages. nn[KMGTPE] and "mirror" are exclusive,
1810 so you can NOT specify nn[KMGTPE] and "mirror" at the same
1813 kgdbdbgp= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over EHCI usb debug port.
1814 Format: <Controller#>[,poll interval]
1815 The controller # is the number of the ehci usb debug
1816 port as it is probed via PCI. The poll interval is
1817 optional and is the number seconds in between
1818 each poll cycle to the debug port in case you need
1819 the functionality for interrupting the kernel with
1820 gdb or control-c on the dbgp connection. When
1821 not using this parameter you use sysrq-g to break into
1822 the kernel debugger.
1824 kgdboc= [KGDB,HW] kgdb over consoles.
1825 Requires a tty driver that supports console polling,
1826 or a supported polling keyboard driver (non-usb).
1827 Serial only format: <serial_device>[,baud]
1828 keyboard only format: kbd
1829 keyboard and serial format: kbd,<serial_device>[,baud]
1830 Optional Kernel mode setting:
1831 kms, kbd format: kms,kbd
1832 kms, kbd and serial format: kms,kbd,<ser_dev>[,baud]
1834 kgdbwait [KGDB] Stop kernel execution and enter the
1835 kernel debugger at the earliest opportunity.
1837 kmac= [MIPS] korina ethernet MAC address.
1838 Configure the RouterBoard 532 series on-chip
1839 Ethernet adapter MAC address.
1841 kmemleak= [KNL] Boot-time kmemleak enable/disable
1842 Valid arguments: on, off
1844 Built with CONFIG_DEBUG_KMEMLEAK_DEFAULT_OFF=y,
1847 kmemcheck= [X86] Boot-time kmemcheck enable/disable/one-shot mode
1848 Valid arguments: 0, 1, 2
1849 kmemcheck=0 (disabled)
1850 kmemcheck=1 (enabled)
1851 kmemcheck=2 (one-shot mode)
1852 Default: 2 (one-shot mode)
1854 kstack=N [X86] Print N words from the kernel stack
1857 kvm.ignore_msrs=[KVM] Ignore guest accesses to unhandled MSRs.
1858 Default is 0 (don't ignore, but inject #GP)
1860 kvm.mmu_audit= [KVM] This is a R/W parameter which allows audit
1864 kvm-amd.nested= [KVM,AMD] Allow nested virtualization in KVM/SVM.
1865 Default is 1 (enabled)
1867 kvm-amd.npt= [KVM,AMD] Disable nested paging (virtualized MMU)
1869 Default is 1 (enabled) if in 64-bit or 32-bit PAE mode.
1871 kvm-intel.ept= [KVM,Intel] Disable extended page tables
1872 (virtualized MMU) support on capable Intel chips.
1873 Default is 1 (enabled)
1875 kvm-intel.emulate_invalid_guest_state=
1876 [KVM,Intel] Enable emulation of invalid guest states
1877 Default is 0 (disabled)
1879 kvm-intel.flexpriority=
1880 [KVM,Intel] Disable FlexPriority feature (TPR shadow).
1881 Default is 1 (enabled)
1884 [KVM,Intel] Enable VMX nesting (nVMX).
1885 Default is 0 (disabled)
1887 kvm-intel.unrestricted_guest=
1888 [KVM,Intel] Disable unrestricted guest feature
1889 (virtualized real and unpaged mode) on capable
1890 Intel chips. Default is 1 (enabled)
1892 kvm-intel.vpid= [KVM,Intel] Disable Virtual Processor Identification
1893 feature (tagged TLBs) on capable Intel chips.
1894 Default is 1 (enabled)
1900 lapic [X86-32,APIC] Enable the local APIC even if BIOS
1903 lapic= [x86,APIC] "notscdeadline" Do not use TSC deadline
1904 value for LAPIC timer one-shot implementation. Default
1905 back to the programmable timer unit in the LAPIC.
1907 lapic_timer_c2_ok [X86,APIC] trust the local apic timer
1910 libata.dma= [LIBATA] DMA control
1911 libata.dma=0 Disable all PATA and SATA DMA
1912 libata.dma=1 PATA and SATA Disk DMA only
1913 libata.dma=2 ATAPI (CDROM) DMA only
1914 libata.dma=4 Compact Flash DMA only
1915 Combinations also work, so libata.dma=3 enables DMA
1916 for disks and CDROMs, but not CFs.
1918 libata.ignore_hpa= [LIBATA] Ignore HPA limit
1919 libata.ignore_hpa=0 keep BIOS limits (default)
1920 libata.ignore_hpa=1 ignore limits, using full disk
1922 libata.noacpi [LIBATA] Disables use of ACPI in libata suspend/resume
1926 libata.force= [LIBATA] Force configurations. The format is comma
1927 separated list of "[ID:]VAL" where ID is
1928 PORT[.DEVICE]. PORT and DEVICE are decimal numbers
1929 matching port, link or device. Basically, it matches
1930 the ATA ID string printed on console by libata. If
1931 the whole ID part is omitted, the last PORT and DEVICE
1932 values are used. If ID hasn't been specified yet, the
1933 configuration applies to all ports, links and devices.
1935 If only DEVICE is omitted, the parameter applies to
1936 the port and all links and devices behind it. DEVICE
1937 number of 0 either selects the first device or the
1938 first fan-out link behind PMP device. It does not
1939 select the host link. DEVICE number of 15 selects the
1940 host link and device attached to it.
1942 The VAL specifies the configuration to force. As long
1943 as there's no ambiguity shortcut notation is allowed.
1944 For example, both 1.5 and 1.5G would work for 1.5Gbps.
1945 The following configurations can be forced.
1947 * Cable type: 40c, 80c, short40c, unk, ign or sata.
1948 Any ID with matching PORT is used.
1950 * SATA link speed limit: 1.5Gbps or 3.0Gbps.
1952 * Transfer mode: pio[0-7], mwdma[0-4] and udma[0-7].
1953 udma[/][16,25,33,44,66,100,133] notation is also
1956 * [no]ncq: Turn on or off NCQ.
1958 * [no]ncqtrim: Turn off queued DSM TRIM.
1960 * nohrst, nosrst, norst: suppress hard, soft
1963 * rstonce: only attempt one reset during
1964 hot-unplug link recovery
1966 * dump_id: dump IDENTIFY data.
1968 * atapi_dmadir: Enable ATAPI DMADIR bridge support
1970 * disable: Disable this device.
1972 If there are multiple matching configurations changing
1973 the same attribute, the last one is used.
1975 memblock=debug [KNL] Enable memblock debug messages.
1977 load_ramdisk= [RAM] List of ramdisks to load from floppy
1978 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
1980 lockd.nlm_grace_period=P [NFS] Assign grace period.
1983 lockd.nlm_tcpport=N [NFS] Assign TCP port.
1986 lockd.nlm_timeout=T [NFS] Assign timeout value.
1989 lockd.nlm_udpport=M [NFS] Assign UDP port.
1992 locktorture.nreaders_stress= [KNL]
1993 Set the number of locking read-acquisition kthreads.
1994 Defaults to being automatically set based on the
1995 number of online CPUs.
1997 locktorture.nwriters_stress= [KNL]
1998 Set the number of locking write-acquisition kthreads.
2000 locktorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL]
2001 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
2003 locktorture.onoff_interval= [KNL]
2004 Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
2005 zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
2007 locktorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL]
2008 Set task-shuffle interval (jiffies). Shuffling
2009 tasks allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle
2010 mode during the locktorture test.
2012 locktorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL]
2013 Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
2014 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
2016 locktorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
2017 Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
2019 locktorture.stutter= [KNL]
2020 Time (s) to stutter testing, for example,
2021 specifying five seconds causes the test to run for
2022 five seconds, wait for five seconds, and so on.
2023 This tests the locking primitive's ability to
2024 transition abruptly to and from idle.
2026 locktorture.torture_runnable= [BOOT]
2027 Start locktorture running at boot time.
2029 locktorture.torture_type= [KNL]
2030 Specify the locking implementation to test.
2032 locktorture.verbose= [KNL]
2033 Enable additional printk() statements.
2035 logibm.irq= [HW,MOUSE] Logitech Bus Mouse Driver
2038 loglevel= All Kernel Messages with a loglevel smaller than the
2039 console loglevel will be printed to the console. It can
2040 also be changed with klogd or other programs. The
2041 loglevels are defined as follows:
2043 0 (KERN_EMERG) system is unusable
2044 1 (KERN_ALERT) action must be taken immediately
2045 2 (KERN_CRIT) critical conditions
2046 3 (KERN_ERR) error conditions
2047 4 (KERN_WARNING) warning conditions
2048 5 (KERN_NOTICE) normal but significant condition
2049 6 (KERN_INFO) informational
2050 7 (KERN_DEBUG) debug-level messages
2052 log_buf_len=n[KMG] Sets the size of the printk ring buffer,
2053 in bytes. n must be a power of two and greater
2054 than the minimal size. The minimal size is defined
2055 by LOG_BUF_SHIFT kernel config parameter. There is
2056 also CONFIG_LOG_CPU_MAX_BUF_SHIFT config parameter
2057 that allows to increase the default size depending on
2058 the number of CPUs. See init/Kconfig for more details.
2060 logo.nologo [FB] Disables display of the built-in Linux logo.
2061 This may be used to provide more screen space for
2062 kernel log messages and is useful when debugging
2063 kernel boot problems.
2065 lp=0 [LP] Specify parallel ports to use, e.g,
2066 lp=port[,port...] lp=none,parport0 (lp0 not configured, lp1 uses
2067 lp=reset first parallel port). 'lp=0' disables the
2068 lp=auto printer driver. 'lp=reset' (which can be
2069 specified in addition to the ports) causes
2070 attached printers to be reset. Using
2071 lp=port1,port2,... specifies the parallel ports
2072 to associate lp devices with, starting with
2073 lp0. A port specification may be 'none' to skip
2074 that lp device, or a parport name such as
2075 'parport0'. Specifying 'lp=auto' instead of a
2076 port specification list means that device IDs
2077 from each port should be examined, to see if
2078 an IEEE 1284-compliant printer is attached; if
2079 so, the driver will manage that printer.
2080 See also header of drivers/char/lp.c.
2083 Sets loops_per_jiffy to given constant, thus avoiding
2084 time-consuming boot-time autodetection (up to 250 ms per
2085 CPU). 0 enables autodetection (default). To determine
2086 the correct value for your kernel, boot with normal
2087 autodetection and see what value is printed. Note that
2088 on SMP systems the preset will be applied to all CPUs,
2089 which is likely to cause problems if your CPUs need
2090 significantly divergent settings. An incorrect value
2091 will cause delays in the kernel to be wrong, leading to
2092 unpredictable I/O errors and other breakage. Although
2093 unlikely, in the extreme case this might damage your
2097 Format: <io>,<irq>,<dma>
2099 machvec= [IA-64] Force the use of a particular machine-vector
2100 (machvec) in a generic kernel.
2101 Example: machvec=hpzx1_swiotlb
2103 machtype= [Loongson] Share the same kernel image file between different
2105 Example: machtype=lemote-yeeloong-2f-7inch
2107 max_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory greater
2108 than or equal to this physical address is ignored.
2110 maxcpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
2111 should make use of. maxcpus=n : n >= 0 limits the
2112 kernel to using 'n' processors. n=0 is a special case,
2113 it is equivalent to "nosmp", which also disables
2116 max_loop= [LOOP] The number of loop block devices that get
2117 (loop.max_loop) unconditionally pre-created at init time. The default
2118 number is configured by BLK_DEV_LOOP_MIN_COUNT. Instead
2119 of statically allocating a predefined number, loop
2120 devices can be requested on-demand with the
2121 /dev/loop-control interface.
2123 mce [X86-32] Machine Check Exception
2125 mce=option [X86-64] See Documentation/x86/x86_64/boot-options.txt
2127 md= [HW] RAID subsystems devices and level
2128 See Documentation/md.txt.
2131 Format: <first>,<last>
2132 Specifies range of consoles to be captured by the MDA.
2134 mem=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Force usage of a specific amount of memory
2135 Amount of memory to be used when the kernel is not able
2136 to see the whole system memory or for test.
2137 [X86] Work as limiting max address. Use together
2138 with memmap= to avoid physical address space collisions.
2139 Without memmap= PCI devices could be placed at addresses
2140 belonging to unused RAM.
2142 mem=nopentium [BUGS=X86-32] Disable usage of 4MB pages for kernel
2146 [KNL,SH] Allow user to override the default size for
2147 per-device physically contiguous DMA buffers.
2149 memmap=exactmap [KNL,X86] Enable setting of an exact
2150 E820 memory map, as specified by the user.
2151 Such memmap=exactmap lines can be constructed based on
2152 BIOS output or other requirements. See the memmap=nn@ss
2155 memmap=nn[KMG]@ss[KMG]
2156 [KNL] Force usage of a specific region of memory.
2157 Region of memory to be used is from ss to ss+nn.
2159 memmap=nn[KMG]#ss[KMG]
2160 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as ACPI data.
2161 Region of memory to be marked is from ss to ss+nn.
2163 memmap=nn[KMG]$ss[KMG]
2164 [KNL,ACPI] Mark specific memory as reserved.
2165 Region of memory to be reserved is from ss to ss+nn.
2166 Example: Exclude memory from 0x18690000-0x1869ffff
2167 memmap=64K$0x18690000
2169 memmap=0x10000$0x18690000
2171 memmap=nn[KMG]!ss[KMG]
2172 [KNL,X86] Mark specific memory as protected.
2173 Region of memory to be used, from ss to ss+nn.
2174 The memory region may be marked as e820 type 12 (0xc)
2175 and is NVDIMM or ADR memory.
2177 memory_corruption_check=0/1 [X86]
2178 Some BIOSes seem to corrupt the first 64k of
2179 memory when doing things like suspend/resume.
2180 Setting this option will scan the memory
2181 looking for corruption. Enabling this will
2182 both detect corruption and prevent the kernel
2183 from using the memory being corrupted.
2184 However, its intended as a diagnostic tool; if
2185 repeatable BIOS-originated corruption always
2186 affects the same memory, you can use memmap=
2187 to prevent the kernel from using that memory.
2189 memory_corruption_check_size=size [X86]
2190 By default it checks for corruption in the low
2191 64k, making this memory unavailable for normal
2192 use. Use this parameter to scan for
2193 corruption in more or less memory.
2195 memory_corruption_check_period=seconds [X86]
2196 By default it checks for corruption every 60
2197 seconds. Use this parameter to check at some
2198 other rate. 0 disables periodic checking.
2200 memtest= [KNL,X86,ARM] Enable memtest
2202 default : 0 <disable>
2203 Specifies the number of memtest passes to be
2204 performed. Each pass selects another test
2205 pattern from a given set of patterns. Memtest
2206 fills the memory with this pattern, validates
2207 memory contents and reserves bad memory
2208 regions that are detected.
2210 meye.*= [HW] Set MotionEye Camera parameters
2211 See Documentation/video4linux/meye.txt.
2213 mfgpt_irq= [IA-32] Specify the IRQ to use for the
2214 Multi-Function General Purpose Timers on AMD Geode
2217 mfgptfix [X86-32] Fix MFGPT timers on AMD Geode platforms when
2218 the BIOS has incorrectly applied a workaround. TinyBIOS
2219 version 0.98 is known to be affected, 0.99 fixes the
2220 problem by letting the user disable the workaround.
2224 min_addr=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT,ia64] All physical memory below this
2225 physical address is ignored.
2227 mini2440= [ARM,HW,KNL]
2228 Format:[0..2][b][c][t]
2230 MINI2440 configuration specification:
2231 0 - The attached screen is the 3.5" TFT
2232 1 - The attached screen is the 7" TFT
2233 2 - The VGA Shield is attached (1024x768)
2234 Leaving out the screen size parameter will not load
2235 the TFT driver, and the framebuffer will be left
2237 b - Enable backlight. The TFT backlight pin will be
2238 linked to the kernel VESA blanking code and a GPIO
2239 LED. This parameter is not necessary when using the
2241 c - Enable the s3c camera interface.
2242 t - Reserved for enabling touchscreen support. The
2243 touchscreen support is not enabled in the mainstream
2244 kernel as of 2.6.30, a preliminary port can be found
2245 in the "bleeding edge" mini2440 support kernel at
2246 http://repo.or.cz/w/linux-2.6/mini2440.git
2249 [KNL] When CONFIG_DEBUG_MEMORY_INIT is set, this
2250 parameter allows control of the logging verbosity for
2251 the additional memory initialisation checks. A value
2252 of 0 disables mminit logging and a level of 4 will
2253 log everything. Information is printed at KERN_DEBUG
2254 so loglevel=8 may also need to be specified.
2257 [KNL] When CONFIG_MODULE_SIG is set, this means that
2258 modules without (valid) signatures will fail to load.
2259 Note that if CONFIG_MODULE_SIG_FORCE is set, that
2260 is always true, so this option does nothing.
2263 [MOUSE] Maximum time between finger touching and
2264 leaving touchpad surface for touch to be considered
2265 a tap and be reported as a left button click (for
2266 touchpads working in absolute mode only).
2268 mousedev.xres= [MOUSE] Horizontal screen resolution, used for devices
2269 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
2270 mousedev.yres= [MOUSE] Vertical screen resolution, used for devices
2271 reporting absolute coordinates, such as tablets
2273 movablecore=nn[KMG] [KNL,X86,IA-64,PPC] This parameter
2274 is similar to kernelcore except it specifies the
2275 amount of memory used for migratable allocations.
2276 If both kernelcore and movablecore is specified,
2277 then kernelcore will be at *least* the specified
2278 value but may be more. If movablecore on its own
2279 is specified, the administrator must be careful
2280 that the amount of memory usable for all allocations
2283 movable_node [KNL,X86] Boot-time switch to enable the effects
2284 of CONFIG_MOVABLE_NODE=y. See mm/Kconfig for details.
2286 MTD_Partition= [MTD]
2287 Format: <name>,<region-number>,<size>,<offset>
2289 MTD_Region= [MTD] Format:
2290 <name>,<region-number>[,<base>,<size>,<buswidth>,<altbuswidth>]
2293 See drivers/mtd/cmdlinepart.c.
2295 multitce=off [PPC] This parameter disables the use of the pSeries
2296 firmware feature for updating multiple TCE entries
2299 onenand.bdry= [HW,MTD] Flex-OneNAND Boundary Configuration
2301 Format: [die0_boundary][,die0_lock][,die1_boundary][,die1_lock]
2303 boundary - index of last SLC block on Flex-OneNAND.
2304 The remaining blocks are configured as MLC blocks.
2305 lock - Configure if Flex-OneNAND boundary should be locked.
2306 Once locked, the boundary cannot be changed.
2307 1 indicates lock status, 0 indicates unlock status.
2310 ARM/S3C2412 JIVE boot control
2312 See arch/arm/mach-s3c2412/mach-jive.c
2314 mtouchusb.raw_coordinates=
2315 [HW] Make the MicroTouch USB driver use raw coordinates
2316 ('y', default) or cooked coordinates ('n')
2318 mtrr_chunk_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
2319 used for mtrr cleanup. It is largest continuous chunk
2320 that could hold holes aka. UC entries.
2322 mtrr_gran_size=nn[KMG] [X86]
2323 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is granularity of mtrr block.
2325 Large value could prevent small alignment from
2328 mtrr_spare_reg_nr=n [X86]
2330 Range: 0,7 : spare reg number
2332 Used for mtrr cleanup. It is spare mtrr entries number.
2333 Set to 2 or more if your graphical card needs more.
2335 n2= [NET] SDL Inc. RISCom/N2 synchronous serial card
2337 netdev= [NET] Network devices parameters
2338 Format: <irq>,<io>,<mem_start>,<mem_end>,<name>
2339 Note that mem_start is often overloaded to mean
2340 something different and driver-specific.
2341 This usage is only documented in each driver source
2345 [NETFILTER] Enable connection tracking flow accounting
2346 0 to disable accounting
2347 1 to enable accounting
2350 nfsaddrs= [NFS] Deprecated. Use ip= instead.
2351 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
2353 nfsroot= [NFS] nfs root filesystem for disk-less boxes.
2354 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
2356 nfsrootdebug [NFS] enable nfsroot debugging messages.
2357 See Documentation/filesystems/nfs/nfsroot.txt.
2359 nfs.callback_tcpport=
2360 [NFS] set the TCP port on which the NFSv4 callback
2361 channel should listen.
2364 [NFS] sets the pathname to the program which is used
2365 to update the NFS client cache entries.
2367 nfs.cache_getent_timeout=
2368 [NFS] sets the timeout after which an attempt to
2369 update a cache entry is deemed to have failed.
2371 nfs.idmap_cache_timeout=
2372 [NFS] set the maximum lifetime for idmapper cache
2376 [NFS] enable 64-bit inode numbers.
2377 If zero, the NFS client will fake up a 32-bit inode
2378 number for the readdir() and stat() syscalls instead
2379 of returning the full 64-bit number.
2380 The default is to return 64-bit inode numbers.
2382 nfs.max_session_slots=
2383 [NFSv4.1] Sets the maximum number of session slots
2384 the client will attempt to negotiate with the server.
2385 This limits the number of simultaneous RPC requests
2386 that the client can send to the NFSv4.1 server.
2387 Note that there is little point in setting this
2388 value higher than the max_tcp_slot_table_limit.
2390 nfs.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
2391 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', this option
2392 ensures that both the RPC level authentication
2393 scheme and the NFS level operations agree to use
2394 numeric uids/gids if the mount is using the
2395 'sec=sys' security flavour. In effect it is
2396 disabling idmapping, which can make migration from
2397 legacy NFSv2/v3 systems to NFSv4 easier.
2398 Servers that do not support this mode of operation
2399 will be autodetected by the client, and it will fall
2400 back to using the idmapper.
2401 To turn off this behaviour, set the value to '0'.
2403 [NFS4] Specify an additional fixed unique ident-
2404 ification string that NFSv4 clients can insert into
2405 their nfs_client_id4 string. This is typically a
2406 UUID that is generated at system install time.
2408 nfs.send_implementation_id =
2409 [NFSv4.1] Send client implementation identification
2410 information in exchange_id requests.
2411 If zero, no implementation identification information
2413 The default is to send the implementation identification
2416 nfs.recover_lost_locks =
2417 [NFSv4] Attempt to recover locks that were lost due
2418 to a lease timeout on the server. Please note that
2419 doing this risks data corruption, since there are
2420 no guarantees that the file will remain unchanged
2421 after the locks are lost.
2422 If you want to enable the kernel legacy behaviour of
2423 attempting to recover these locks, then set this
2425 The default parameter value of '0' causes the kernel
2426 not to attempt recovery of lost locks.
2428 nfs4.layoutstats_timer =
2429 [NFSv4.2] Change the rate at which the kernel sends
2430 layoutstats to the pNFS metadata server.
2432 Setting this to value to 0 causes the kernel to use
2433 whatever value is the default set by the layout
2434 driver. A non-zero value sets the minimum interval
2435 in seconds between layoutstats transmissions.
2437 nfsd.nfs4_disable_idmapping=
2438 [NFSv4] When set to the default of '1', the NFSv4
2439 server will return only numeric uids and gids to
2440 clients using auth_sys, and will accept numeric uids
2441 and gids from such clients. This is intended to ease
2442 migration from NFSv2/v3.
2444 objlayoutdriver.osd_login_prog=
2445 [NFS] [OBJLAYOUT] sets the pathname to the program which
2446 is used to automatically discover and login into new
2447 osd-targets. Please see:
2448 Documentation/filesystems/pnfs.txt for more explanations
2450 nmi_debug= [KNL,AVR32,SH] Specify one or more actions to take
2451 when a NMI is triggered.
2452 Format: [state][,regs][,debounce][,die]
2454 nmi_watchdog= [KNL,BUGS=X86] Debugging features for SMP kernels
2455 Format: [panic,][nopanic,][num]
2457 0 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog off
2458 1 - turn hardlockup detector in nmi_watchdog on
2459 When panic is specified, panic when an NMI watchdog
2460 timeout occurs (or 'nopanic' to override the opposite
2461 default). To disable both hard and soft lockup detectors,
2462 please see 'nowatchdog'.
2463 This is useful when you use a panic=... timeout and
2464 need the box quickly up again.
2466 netpoll.carrier_timeout=
2467 [NET] Specifies amount of time (in seconds) that
2468 netpoll should wait for a carrier. By default netpoll
2471 no387 [BUGS=X86-32] Tells the kernel to use the 387 maths
2472 emulation library even if a 387 maths coprocessor
2476 [HW] Never suspend the console
2477 Disable suspending of consoles during suspend and
2478 hibernate operations. Once disabled, debugging
2479 messages can reach various consoles while the rest
2480 of the system is being put to sleep (ie, while
2481 debugging driver suspend/resume hooks). This may
2482 not work reliably with all consoles, but is known
2483 to work with serial and VGA consoles.
2484 To facilitate more flexible debugging, we also add
2485 console_suspend, a printk module parameter to control
2486 it. Users could use console_suspend (usually
2487 /sys/module/printk/parameters/console_suspend) to
2488 turn on/off it dynamically.
2490 noaliencache [MM, NUMA, SLAB] Disables the allocation of alien
2491 caches in the slab allocator. Saves per-node memory,
2492 but will impact performance.
2496 noapic [SMP,APIC] Tells the kernel to not make use of any
2497 IOAPICs that may be present in the system.
2499 noautogroup Disable scheduler automatic task group creation.
2501 nobats [PPC] Do not use BATs for mapping kernel lowmem
2502 on "Classic" PPC cores.
2506 noclflush [BUGS=X86] Don't use the CLFLUSH instruction
2508 nodelayacct [KNL] Disable per-task delay accounting
2510 nodisconnect [HW,SCSI,M68K] Disables SCSI disconnects.
2512 nodsp [SH] Disable hardware DSP at boot time.
2514 noefi Disable EFI runtime services support.
2519 On X86-32 available only on PAE configured kernels.
2520 noexec=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
2521 noexec=off: disable non-executable mappings
2524 Disable SMAP (Supervisor Mode Access Prevention)
2525 even if it is supported by processor.
2528 Disable SMEP (Supervisor Mode Execution Prevention)
2529 even if it is supported by processor.
2532 This affects only 32-bit executables.
2533 noexec32=on: enable non-executable mappings (default)
2534 read doesn't imply executable mappings
2535 noexec32=off: disable non-executable mappings
2536 read implies executable mappings
2538 nofpu [MIPS,SH] Disable hardware FPU at boot time.
2540 nofxsr [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 floating point extended
2541 register save and restore. The kernel will only save
2542 legacy floating-point registers on task switch.
2544 nohugeiomap [KNL,x86] Disable kernel huge I/O mappings.
2546 noxsave [BUGS=X86] Disables x86 extended register state save
2547 and restore using xsave. The kernel will fallback to
2548 enabling legacy floating-point and sse state.
2550 noxsaveopt [X86] Disables xsaveopt used in saving x86 extended
2551 register states. The kernel will fall back to use
2552 xsave to save the states. By using this parameter,
2553 performance of saving the states is degraded because
2554 xsave doesn't support modified optimization while
2555 xsaveopt supports it on xsaveopt enabled systems.
2557 noxsaves [X86] Disables xsaves and xrstors used in saving and
2558 restoring x86 extended register state in compacted
2559 form of xsave area. The kernel will fall back to use
2560 xsaveopt and xrstor to save and restore the states
2561 in standard form of xsave area. By using this
2562 parameter, xsave area per process might occupy more
2563 memory on xsaves enabled systems.
2565 nohlt [BUGS=ARM,SH] Tells the kernel that the sleep(SH) or
2566 wfi(ARM) instruction doesn't work correctly and not to
2567 use it. This is also useful when using JTAG debugger.
2569 no_file_caps Tells the kernel not to honor file capabilities. The
2570 only way then for a file to be executed with privilege
2571 is to be setuid root or executed by root.
2573 nohalt [IA-64] Tells the kernel not to use the power saving
2574 function PAL_HALT_LIGHT when idle. This increases
2575 power-consumption. On the positive side, it reduces
2576 interrupt wake-up latency, which may improve performance
2577 in certain environments such as networked servers or
2580 nohibernate [HIBERNATION] Disable hibernation and resume.
2582 nohz= [KNL] Boottime enable/disable dynamic ticks
2583 Valid arguments: on, off
2586 nohz_full= [KNL,BOOT]
2587 In kernels built with CONFIG_NO_HZ_FULL=y, set
2588 the specified list of CPUs whose tick will be stopped
2589 whenever possible. The boot CPU will be forced outside
2590 the range to maintain the timekeeping.
2591 The CPUs in this range must also be included in the
2594 noiotrap [SH] Disables trapped I/O port accesses.
2596 noirqdebug [X86-32] Disables the code which attempts to detect and
2597 disable unhandled interrupt sources.
2599 no_timer_check [X86,APIC] Disables the code which tests for
2600 broken timer IRQ sources.
2602 noisapnp [ISAPNP] Disables ISA PnP code.
2604 noinitrd [RAM] Tells the kernel not to load any configured
2607 nointremap [X86-64, Intel-IOMMU] Do not enable interrupt
2609 [Deprecated - use intremap=off]
2613 noinvpcid [X86] Disable the INVPCID cpu feature.
2615 nojitter [IA-64] Disables jitter checking for ITC timers.
2617 no-kvmclock [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized KVM clock driver
2619 no-kvmapf [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized asynchronous page
2622 no-steal-acc [X86,KVM] Disable paravirtualized steal time accounting.
2623 steal time is computed, but won't influence scheduler
2626 nolapic [X86-32,APIC] Do not enable or use the local APIC.
2628 nolapic_timer [X86-32,APIC] Do not use the local APIC timer.
2630 noltlbs [PPC] Do not use large page/tlb entries for kernel
2631 lowmem mapping on PPC40x and PPC8xx
2633 nomca [IA-64] Disable machine check abort handling
2635 nomce [X86-32] Disable Machine Check Exception
2637 nomfgpt [X86-32] Disable Multi-Function General Purpose
2638 Timer usage (for AMD Geode machines).
2640 nonmi_ipi [X86] Disable using NMI IPIs during panic/reboot to
2641 shutdown the other cpus. Instead use the REBOOT_VECTOR
2644 nomodule Disable module load
2646 nopat [X86] Disable PAT (page attribute table extension of
2647 pagetables) support.
2649 norandmaps Don't use address space randomization. Equivalent to
2650 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space
2652 noreplace-paravirt [X86,IA-64,PV_OPS] Don't patch paravirt_ops
2654 noreplace-smp [X86-32,SMP] Don't replace SMP instructions
2655 with UP alternatives
2657 nordrand [X86] Disable kernel use of the RDRAND and
2658 RDSEED instructions even if they are supported
2659 by the processor. RDRAND and RDSEED are still
2660 available to user space applications.
2662 noresume [SWSUSP] Disables resume and restores original swap
2665 no-scroll [VGA] Disables scrollback.
2666 This is required for the Braillex ib80-piezo Braille
2667 reader made by F.H. Papenmeier (Germany).
2671 nosep [BUGS=X86-32] Disables x86 SYSENTER/SYSEXIT support.
2673 nosmp [SMP] Tells an SMP kernel to act as a UP kernel,
2674 and disable the IO APIC. legacy for "maxcpus=0".
2676 nosoftlockup [KNL] Disable the soft-lockup detector.
2678 nosync [HW,M68K] Disables sync negotiation for all devices.
2680 notsc [BUGS=X86-32] Disable Time Stamp Counter
2682 nowatchdog [KNL] Disable both lockup detectors, i.e.
2683 soft-lockup and NMI watchdog (hard-lockup).
2687 nox2apic [X86-64,APIC] Do not enable x2APIC mode.
2689 cpu0_hotplug [X86] Turn on CPU0 hotplug feature when
2690 CONFIG_BOOTPARAM_HOTPLUG_CPU0 is off.
2691 Some features depend on CPU0. Known dependencies are:
2692 1. Resume from suspend/hibernate depends on CPU0.
2693 Suspend/hibernate will fail if CPU0 is offline and you
2694 need to online CPU0 before suspend/hibernate.
2695 2. PIC interrupts also depend on CPU0. CPU0 can't be
2696 removed if a PIC interrupt is detected.
2697 It's said poweroff/reboot may depend on CPU0 on some
2698 machines although I haven't seen such issues so far
2699 after CPU0 is offline on a few tested machines.
2700 If the dependencies are under your control, you can
2701 turn on cpu0_hotplug.
2703 nptcg= [IA-64] Override max number of concurrent global TLB
2704 purges which is reported from either PAL_VM_SUMMARY or
2707 nr_cpus= [SMP] Maximum number of processors that an SMP kernel
2708 could support. nr_cpus=n : n >= 1 limits the kernel to
2709 supporting 'n' processors. Later in runtime you can not
2710 use hotplug cpu feature to put more cpu back to online.
2711 just like you compile the kernel NR_CPUS=n
2713 nr_uarts= [SERIAL] maximum number of UARTs to be registered.
2715 numa_balancing= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable automatic NUMA balancing.
2716 Allowed values are enable and disable
2718 numa_zonelist_order= [KNL, BOOT] Select zonelist order for NUMA.
2719 one of ['zone', 'node', 'default'] can be specified
2720 This can be set from sysctl after boot.
2721 See Documentation/sysctl/vm.txt for details.
2723 ohci1394_dma=early [HW] enable debugging via the ohci1394 driver.
2724 See Documentation/debugging-via-ohci1394.txt for more
2727 olpc_ec_timeout= [OLPC] ms delay when issuing EC commands
2728 Rather than timing out after 20 ms if an EC
2729 command is not properly ACKed, override the length
2730 of the timeout. We have interrupts disabled while
2731 waiting for the ACK, so if this is set too high
2732 interrupts *may* be lost!
2734 omap_mux= [OMAP] Override bootloader pin multiplexing.
2735 Format: <mux_mode0.mode_name=value>...
2736 For example, to override I2C bus2:
2737 omap_mux=i2c2_scl.i2c2_scl=0x100,i2c2_sda.i2c2_sda=0x100
2739 oprofile.timer= [HW]
2740 Use timer interrupt instead of performance counters
2742 oprofile.cpu_type= Force an oprofile cpu type
2743 This might be useful if you have an older oprofile
2744 userland or if you want common events.
2745 Format: { arch_perfmon }
2746 arch_perfmon: [X86] Force use of architectural
2747 perfmon on Intel CPUs instead of the
2748 CPU specific event set.
2749 timer: [X86] Force use of architectural NMI
2750 timer mode (see also oprofile.timer
2751 for generic hr timer mode)
2752 [s390] Force legacy basic mode sampling
2753 (report cpu_type "timer")
2755 oops=panic Always panic on oopses. Default is to just kill the
2756 process, but there is a small probability of
2757 deadlocking the machine.
2758 This will also cause panics on machine check exceptions.
2759 Useful together with panic=30 to trigger a reboot.
2762 See Documentation/sound/oss/oss-parameters.txt
2764 page_owner= [KNL] Boot-time page_owner enabling option.
2765 Storage of the information about who allocated
2766 each page is disabled in default. With this switch,
2768 on: enable the feature
2770 page_poison= [KNL] Boot-time parameter changing the state of
2771 poisoning on the buddy allocator.
2772 off: turn off poisoning
2773 on: turn on poisoning
2775 panic= [KNL] Kernel behaviour on panic: delay <timeout>
2776 timeout > 0: seconds before rebooting
2777 timeout = 0: wait forever
2778 timeout < 0: reboot immediately
2781 panic_on_warn panic() instead of WARN(). Useful to cause kdump
2784 crash_kexec_post_notifiers
2785 Run kdump after running panic-notifiers and dumping
2786 kmsg. This only for the users who doubt kdump always
2787 succeeds in any situation.
2788 Note that this also increases risks of kdump failure,
2789 because some panic notifiers can make the crashed
2790 kernel more unstable.
2792 parkbd.port= [HW] Parallel port number the keyboard adapter is
2793 connected to, default is 0.
2795 parkbd.mode= [HW] Parallel port keyboard adapter mode of operation,
2796 0 for XT, 1 for AT (default is AT).
2799 parport= [HW,PPT] Specify parallel ports. 0 disables.
2800 Format: { 0 | auto | 0xBBB[,IRQ[,DMA]] }
2801 Use 'auto' to force the driver to use any
2802 IRQ/DMA settings detected (the default is to
2803 ignore detected IRQ/DMA settings because of
2804 possible conflicts). You can specify the base
2805 address, IRQ, and DMA settings; IRQ and DMA
2806 should be numbers, or 'auto' (for using detected
2807 settings on that particular port), or 'nofifo'
2808 (to avoid using a FIFO even if it is detected).
2809 Parallel ports are assigned in the order they
2810 are specified on the command line, starting
2813 parport_init_mode= [HW,PPT]
2814 Configure VIA parallel port to operate in
2815 a specific mode. This is necessary on Pegasos
2816 computer where firmware has no options for setting
2817 up parallel port mode and sets it to spp.
2818 Currently this function knows 686a and 8231 chips.
2819 Format: [spp|ps2|epp|ecp|ecpepp]
2822 Halt all CPUs after the first oops has been printed for
2823 the specified number of seconds. This is to be used if
2824 your oopses keep scrolling off the screen.
2829 See header of drivers/block/paride/pcd.c.
2830 See also Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
2832 pci=option[,option...] [PCI] various PCI subsystem options:
2833 earlydump [X86] dump PCI config space before the kernel
2835 off [X86] don't probe for the PCI bus
2836 bios [X86-32] force use of PCI BIOS, don't access
2837 the hardware directly. Use this if your machine
2838 has a non-standard PCI host bridge.
2839 nobios [X86-32] disallow use of PCI BIOS, only direct
2840 hardware access methods are allowed. Use this
2841 if you experience crashes upon bootup and you
2842 suspect they are caused by the BIOS.
2843 conf1 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access
2844 Mechanism 1 (config address in IO port 0xCF8,
2845 data in IO port 0xCFC, both 32-bit).
2846 conf2 [X86] Force use of PCI Configuration Access
2847 Mechanism 2 (IO port 0xCF8 is an 8-bit port for
2848 the function, IO port 0xCFA, also 8-bit, sets
2849 bus number. The config space is then accessed
2850 through ports 0xC000-0xCFFF).
2851 See http://wiki.osdev.org/PCI for more info
2852 on the configuration access mechanisms.
2853 noaer [PCIE] If the PCIEAER kernel config parameter is
2854 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
2855 disable the use of PCIE advanced error reporting.
2856 nodomains [PCI] Disable support for multiple PCI
2857 root domains (aka PCI segments, in ACPI-speak).
2858 nommconf [X86] Disable use of MMCONFIG for PCI
2860 check_enable_amd_mmconf [X86] check for and enable
2861 properly configured MMIO access to PCI
2862 config space on AMD family 10h CPU
2863 nomsi [MSI] If the PCI_MSI kernel config parameter is
2864 enabled, this kernel boot option can be used to
2865 disable the use of MSI interrupts system-wide.
2866 noioapicquirk [APIC] Disable all boot interrupt quirks.
2867 Safety option to keep boot IRQs enabled. This
2868 should never be necessary.
2869 ioapicreroute [APIC] Enable rerouting of boot IRQs to the
2870 primary IO-APIC for bridges that cannot disable
2871 boot IRQs. This fixes a source of spurious IRQs
2872 when the system masks IRQs.
2873 noioapicreroute [APIC] Disable workaround that uses the
2874 boot IRQ equivalent of an IRQ that connects to
2875 a chipset where boot IRQs cannot be disabled.
2876 The opposite of ioapicreroute.
2877 biosirq [X86-32] Use PCI BIOS calls to get the interrupt
2878 routing table. These calls are known to be buggy
2879 on several machines and they hang the machine
2880 when used, but on other computers it's the only
2881 way to get the interrupt routing table. Try
2882 this option if the kernel is unable to allocate
2883 IRQs or discover secondary PCI buses on your
2885 rom [X86] Assign address space to expansion ROMs.
2886 Use with caution as certain devices share
2887 address decoders between ROMs and other
2889 norom [X86] Do not assign address space to
2890 expansion ROMs that do not already have
2891 BIOS assigned address ranges.
2892 nobar [X86] Do not assign address space to the
2893 BARs that weren't assigned by the BIOS.
2894 irqmask=0xMMMM [X86] Set a bit mask of IRQs allowed to be
2895 assigned automatically to PCI devices. You can
2896 make the kernel exclude IRQs of your ISA cards
2898 pirqaddr=0xAAAAA [X86] Specify the physical address
2899 of the PIRQ table (normally generated
2900 by the BIOS) if it is outside the
2901 F0000h-100000h range.
2902 lastbus=N [X86] Scan all buses thru bus #N. Can be
2903 useful if the kernel is unable to find your
2904 secondary buses and you want to tell it
2905 explicitly which ones they are.
2906 assign-busses [X86] Always assign all PCI bus
2907 numbers ourselves, overriding
2908 whatever the firmware may have done.
2909 usepirqmask [X86] Honor the possible IRQ mask stored
2910 in the BIOS $PIR table. This is needed on
2911 some systems with broken BIOSes, notably
2912 some HP Pavilion N5400 and Omnibook XE3
2913 notebooks. This will have no effect if ACPI
2914 IRQ routing is enabled.
2915 noacpi [X86] Do not use ACPI for IRQ routing
2916 or for PCI scanning.
2917 use_crs [X86] Use PCI host bridge window information
2918 from ACPI. On BIOSes from 2008 or later, this
2919 is enabled by default. If you need to use this,
2920 please report a bug.
2921 nocrs [X86] Ignore PCI host bridge windows from ACPI.
2922 If you need to use this, please report a bug.
2923 routeirq Do IRQ routing for all PCI devices.
2924 This is normally done in pci_enable_device(),
2925 so this option is a temporary workaround
2926 for broken drivers that don't call it.
2927 skip_isa_align [X86] do not align io start addr, so can
2928 handle more pci cards
2929 firmware [ARM] Do not re-enumerate the bus but instead
2930 just use the configuration from the
2931 bootloader. This is currently used on
2932 IXP2000 systems where the bus has to be
2933 configured a certain way for adjunct CPUs.
2934 noearly [X86] Don't do any early type 1 scanning.
2935 This might help on some broken boards which
2936 machine check when some devices' config space
2937 is read. But various workarounds are disabled
2938 and some IOMMU drivers will not work.
2939 bfsort Sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
2940 This sorting is done to get a device
2941 order compatible with older (<= 2.4) kernels.
2942 nobfsort Don't sort PCI devices into breadth-first order.
2943 pcie_bus_tune_off Disable PCIe MPS (Max Payload Size)
2944 tuning and use the BIOS-configured MPS defaults.
2945 pcie_bus_safe Set every device's MPS to the largest value
2946 supported by all devices below the root complex.
2947 pcie_bus_perf Set device MPS to the largest allowable MPS
2948 based on its parent bus. Also set MRRS (Max
2949 Read Request Size) to the largest supported
2950 value (no larger than the MPS that the device
2951 or bus can support) for best performance.
2952 pcie_bus_peer2peer Set every device's MPS to 128B, which
2953 every device is guaranteed to support. This
2954 configuration allows peer-to-peer DMA between
2955 any pair of devices, possibly at the cost of
2956 reduced performance. This also guarantees
2957 that hot-added devices will work.
2958 cbiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2959 reserved for the CardBus bridge's IO window.
2960 The default value is 256 bytes.
2961 cbmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2962 reserved for the CardBus bridge's memory
2963 window. The default value is 64 megabytes.
2966 [<order of align>@][<domain>:]<bus>:<slot>.<func>[; ...]
2967 Specifies alignment and device to reassign
2968 aligned memory resources.
2969 If <order of align> is not specified,
2970 PAGE_SIZE is used as alignment.
2971 PCI-PCI bridge can be specified, if resource
2972 windows need to be expanded.
2973 ecrc= Enable/disable PCIe ECRC (transaction layer
2974 end-to-end CRC checking).
2975 bios: Use BIOS/firmware settings. This is the
2979 hpiosize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2980 reserved for hotplug bridge's IO window.
2981 Default size is 256 bytes.
2982 hpmemsize=nn[KMG] The fixed amount of bus space which is
2983 reserved for hotplug bridge's memory window.
2984 Default size is 2 megabytes.
2985 realloc= Enable/disable reallocating PCI bridge resources
2986 if allocations done by BIOS are too small to
2987 accommodate resources required by all child
2989 off: Turn realloc off
2991 realloc same as realloc=on
2992 noari do not use PCIe ARI.
2993 pcie_scan_all Scan all possible PCIe devices. Otherwise we
2994 only look for one device below a PCIe downstream
2997 pcie_aspm= [PCIE] Forcibly enable or disable PCIe Active State Power
3000 force Enable ASPM even on devices that claim not to support it.
3001 WARNING: Forcing ASPM on may cause system lockups.
3003 pcie_hp= [PCIE] PCI Express Hotplug driver options:
3004 nomsi Do not use MSI for PCI Express Native Hotplug (this
3005 makes all PCIe ports use INTx for hotplug services).
3007 pcie_ports= [PCIE] PCIe ports handling:
3008 auto Ask the BIOS whether or not to use native PCIe services
3009 associated with PCIe ports (PME, hot-plug, AER). Use
3010 them only if that is allowed by the BIOS.
3011 native Use native PCIe services associated with PCIe ports
3013 compat Treat PCIe ports as PCI-to-PCI bridges, disable the PCIe
3016 pcie_pme= [PCIE,PM] Native PCIe PME signaling options:
3017 nomsi Do not use MSI for native PCIe PME signaling (this makes
3018 all PCIe root ports use INTx for all services).
3020 pcmv= [HW,PCMCIA] BadgePAD 4
3024 Keep all power-domains already enabled by bootloader on,
3025 even if no driver has claimed them. This is useful
3026 for debug and development, but should not be
3027 needed on a platform with proper driver support.
3030 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
3032 pdcchassis= [PARISC,HW] Disable/Enable PDC Chassis Status codes at
3035 See arch/parisc/kernel/pdc_chassis.c
3037 percpu_alloc= Select which percpu first chunk allocator to use.
3038 Currently supported values are "embed" and "page".
3039 Archs may support subset or none of the selections.
3040 See comments in mm/percpu.c for details on each
3041 allocator. This parameter is primarily for debugging
3042 and performance comparison.
3045 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
3048 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
3050 pirq= [SMP,APIC] Manual mp-table setup
3051 See Documentation/x86/i386/IO-APIC.txt.
3053 plip= [PPT,NET] Parallel port network link
3054 Format: { parport<nr> | timid | 0 }
3055 See also Documentation/parport.txt.
3057 pmtmr= [X86] Manual setup of pmtmr I/O Port.
3058 Override pmtimer IOPort with a hex value.
3062 Enable PNP debug messages (depends on the
3063 CONFIG_PNP_DEBUG_MESSAGES option). Change at run-time
3064 via /sys/module/pnp/parameters/debug. We always show
3065 current resource usage; turning this on also shows
3066 possible settings and some assignment information.
3072 { on | off | curr | res | no-curr | no-res }
3075 [ISAPNP] Exclude IRQs for the autoconfiguration
3078 [ISAPNP] Exclude DMAs for the autoconfiguration
3080 pnp_reserve_io= [ISAPNP] Exclude I/O ports for the autoconfiguration
3081 Ranges are in pairs (I/O port base and size).
3084 [ISAPNP] Exclude memory regions for the
3086 Ranges are in pairs (memory base and size).
3088 ports= [IP_VS_FTP] IPVS ftp helper module
3090 Up to 8 (IP_VS_APP_MAX_PORTS) ports
3092 Format: <port>,<port>....
3094 ppc_strict_facility_enable
3095 [PPC] This option catches any kernel floating point,
3096 Altivec, VSX and SPE outside of regions specifically
3097 allowed (eg kernel_enable_fpu()/kernel_disable_fpu()).
3098 There is some performance impact when enabling this.
3100 print-fatal-signals=
3101 [KNL] debug: print fatal signals
3103 If enabled, warn about various signal handling
3104 related application anomalies: too many signals,
3105 too many POSIX.1 timers, fatal signals causing a
3108 If you hit the warning due to signal overflow,
3109 you might want to try "ulimit -i unlimited".
3113 printk.always_kmsg_dump=
3114 Trigger kmsg_dump for cases other than kernel oops or
3116 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
3119 printk.time= Show timing data prefixed to each printk message line
3120 Format: <bool> (1/Y/y=enable, 0/N/n=disable)
3122 processor.max_cstate= [HW,ACPI]
3123 Limit processor to maximum C-state
3124 max_cstate=9 overrides any DMI blacklist limit.
3126 processor.nocst [HW,ACPI]
3127 Ignore the _CST method to determine C-states,
3128 instead using the legacy FADT method
3130 profile= [KNL] Enable kernel profiling via /proc/profile
3131 Format: [schedule,]<number>
3132 Param: "schedule" - profile schedule points.
3133 Param: <number> - step/bucket size as a power of 2 for
3134 statistical time based profiling.
3135 Param: "sleep" - profile D-state sleeping (millisecs).
3136 Requires CONFIG_SCHEDSTATS
3137 Param: "kvm" - profile VM exits.
3139 prompt_ramdisk= [RAM] List of RAM disks to prompt for floppy disk
3141 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
3143 psmouse.proto= [HW,MOUSE] Highest PS2 mouse protocol extension to
3144 probe for; one of (bare|imps|exps|lifebook|any).
3145 psmouse.rate= [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse report rate, in reports
3147 psmouse.resetafter= [HW,MOUSE]
3148 Try to reset the device after so many bad packets
3151 [HW,MOUSE] Set desired mouse resolution, in dpi.
3152 psmouse.smartscroll=
3153 [HW,MOUSE] Controls Logitech smartscroll autorepeat.
3154 0 = disabled, 1 = enabled (default).
3156 pstore.backend= Specify the name of the pstore backend to use
3159 See Documentation/blockdev/paride.txt.
3162 [KNL] Number of legacy pty's. Overwrites compiled-in
3165 quiet [KNL] Disable most log messages
3170 See Documentation/md.txt.
3172 ramdisk_size= [RAM] Sizes of RAM disks in kilobytes
3173 See Documentation/blockdev/ramdisk.txt.
3176 In kernels built with CONFIG_RCU_NOCB_CPU=y, set
3177 the specified list of CPUs to be no-callback CPUs.
3178 Invocation of these CPUs' RCU callbacks will
3179 be offloaded to "rcuox/N" kthreads created for
3180 that purpose, where "x" is "b" for RCU-bh, "p"
3181 for RCU-preempt, and "s" for RCU-sched, and "N"
3182 is the CPU number. This reduces OS jitter on the
3183 offloaded CPUs, which can be useful for HPC and
3184 real-time workloads. It can also improve energy
3185 efficiency for asymmetric multiprocessors.
3188 Rather than requiring that offloaded CPUs
3189 (specified by rcu_nocbs= above) explicitly
3190 awaken the corresponding "rcuoN" kthreads,
3191 make these kthreads poll for callbacks.
3192 This improves the real-time response for the
3193 offloaded CPUs by relieving them of the need to
3194 wake up the corresponding kthread, but degrades
3195 energy efficiency by requiring that the kthreads
3196 periodically wake up to do the polling.
3198 rcutree.blimit= [KNL]
3199 Set maximum number of finished RCU callbacks to
3200 process in one batch.
3202 rcutree.dump_tree= [KNL]
3203 Dump the structure of the rcu_node combining tree
3204 out at early boot. This is used for diagnostic
3205 purposes, to verify correct tree setup.
3207 rcutree.gp_cleanup_delay= [KNL]
3208 Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of
3209 RCU grace-period cleanup. This only has effect
3210 when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_CLEANUP is set.
3212 rcutree.gp_init_delay= [KNL]
3213 Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of
3214 RCU grace-period initialization. This only has
3215 effect when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_INIT
3218 rcutree.gp_preinit_delay= [KNL]
3219 Set the number of jiffies to delay each step of
3220 RCU grace-period pre-initialization, that is,
3221 the propagation of recent CPU-hotplug changes up
3222 the rcu_node combining tree. This only has effect
3223 when CONFIG_RCU_TORTURE_TEST_SLOW_PREINIT is set.
3225 rcutree.rcu_fanout_exact= [KNL]
3226 Disable autobalancing of the rcu_node combining
3227 tree. This is used by rcutorture, and might
3228 possibly be useful for architectures having high
3229 cache-to-cache transfer latencies.
3231 rcutree.rcu_fanout_leaf= [KNL]
3232 Change the number of CPUs assigned to each
3233 leaf rcu_node structure. Useful for very
3234 large systems, which will choose the value 64,
3235 and for NUMA systems with large remote-access
3236 latencies, which will choose a value aligned
3237 with the appropriate hardware boundaries.
3239 rcutree.jiffies_till_sched_qs= [KNL]
3240 Set required age in jiffies for a
3241 given grace period before RCU starts
3242 soliciting quiescent-state help from
3243 rcu_note_context_switch().
3245 rcutree.jiffies_till_first_fqs= [KNL]
3246 Set delay from grace-period initialization to
3247 first attempt to force quiescent states.
3248 Units are jiffies, minimum value is zero,
3249 and maximum value is HZ.
3251 rcutree.jiffies_till_next_fqs= [KNL]
3252 Set delay between subsequent attempts to force
3253 quiescent states. Units are jiffies, minimum
3254 value is one, and maximum value is HZ.
3256 rcutree.kthread_prio= [KNL,BOOT]
3257 Set the SCHED_FIFO priority of the RCU per-CPU
3258 kthreads (rcuc/N). This value is also used for
3259 the priority of the RCU boost threads (rcub/N)
3260 and for the RCU grace-period kthreads (rcu_bh,
3261 rcu_preempt, and rcu_sched). If RCU_BOOST is
3262 set, valid values are 1-99 and the default is 1
3263 (the least-favored priority). Otherwise, when
3264 RCU_BOOST is not set, valid values are 0-99 and
3265 the default is zero (non-realtime operation).
3267 rcutree.rcu_nocb_leader_stride= [KNL]
3268 Set the number of NOCB kthread groups, which
3269 defaults to the square root of the number of
3270 CPUs. Larger numbers reduces the wakeup overhead
3271 on the per-CPU grace-period kthreads, but increases
3272 that same overhead on each group's leader.
3274 rcutree.qhimark= [KNL]
3275 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks beyond which
3276 batch limiting is disabled.
3278 rcutree.qlowmark= [KNL]
3279 Set threshold of queued RCU callbacks below which
3280 batch limiting is re-enabled.
3282 rcutree.rcu_idle_gp_delay= [KNL]
3283 Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
3284 RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
3286 rcutree.rcu_idle_lazy_gp_delay= [KNL]
3287 Set wakeup interval for idle CPUs that have
3288 only "lazy" RCU callbacks (RCU_FAST_NO_HZ=y).
3289 Lazy RCU callbacks are those which RCU can
3290 prove do nothing more than free memory.
3292 rcutorture.cbflood_inter_holdoff= [KNL]
3293 Set holdoff time (jiffies) between successive
3294 callback-flood tests.
3296 rcutorture.cbflood_intra_holdoff= [KNL]
3297 Set holdoff time (jiffies) between successive
3298 bursts of callbacks within a given callback-flood
3301 rcutorture.cbflood_n_burst= [KNL]
3302 Set the number of bursts making up a given
3303 callback-flood test. Set this to zero to
3304 disable callback-flood testing.
3306 rcutorture.cbflood_n_per_burst= [KNL]
3307 Set the number of callbacks to be registered
3308 in a given burst of a callback-flood test.
3310 rcutorture.fqs_duration= [KNL]
3311 Set duration of force_quiescent_state bursts
3314 rcutorture.fqs_holdoff= [KNL]
3315 Set holdoff time within force_quiescent_state bursts
3318 rcutorture.fqs_stutter= [KNL]
3319 Set wait time between force_quiescent_state bursts
3322 rcutorture.gp_cond= [KNL]
3323 Use conditional/asynchronous update-side
3324 primitives, if available.
3326 rcutorture.gp_exp= [KNL]
3327 Use expedited update-side primitives, if available.
3329 rcutorture.gp_normal= [KNL]
3330 Use normal (non-expedited) asynchronous
3331 update-side primitives, if available.
3333 rcutorture.gp_sync= [KNL]
3334 Use normal (non-expedited) synchronous
3335 update-side primitives, if available. If all
3336 of rcutorture.gp_cond=, rcutorture.gp_exp=,
3337 rcutorture.gp_normal=, and rcutorture.gp_sync=
3338 are zero, rcutorture acts as if is interpreted
3339 they are all non-zero.
3341 rcutorture.n_barrier_cbs= [KNL]
3342 Set callbacks/threads for rcu_barrier() testing.
3344 rcutorture.nfakewriters= [KNL]
3345 Set number of concurrent RCU writers. These just
3346 stress RCU, they don't participate in the actual
3347 test, hence the "fake".
3349 rcutorture.nreaders= [KNL]
3350 Set number of RCU readers. The value -1 selects
3351 N-1, where N is the number of CPUs. A value
3352 "n" less than -1 selects N-n-2, where N is again
3353 the number of CPUs. For example, -2 selects N
3354 (the number of CPUs), -3 selects N+1, and so on.
3356 rcutorture.object_debug= [KNL]
3357 Enable debug-object double-call_rcu() testing.
3359 rcutorture.onoff_holdoff= [KNL]
3360 Set time (s) after boot for CPU-hotplug testing.
3362 rcutorture.onoff_interval= [KNL]
3363 Set time (s) between CPU-hotplug operations, or
3364 zero to disable CPU-hotplug testing.
3366 rcutorture.shuffle_interval= [KNL]
3367 Set task-shuffle interval (s). Shuffling tasks
3368 allows some CPUs to go into dyntick-idle mode
3369 during the rcutorture test.
3371 rcutorture.shutdown_secs= [KNL]
3372 Set time (s) after boot system shutdown. This
3373 is useful for hands-off automated testing.
3375 rcutorture.stall_cpu= [KNL]
3376 Duration of CPU stall (s) to test RCU CPU stall
3377 warnings, zero to disable.
3379 rcutorture.stall_cpu_holdoff= [KNL]
3380 Time to wait (s) after boot before inducing stall.
3382 rcutorture.stat_interval= [KNL]
3383 Time (s) between statistics printk()s.
3385 rcutorture.stutter= [KNL]
3386 Time (s) to stutter testing, for example, specifying
3387 five seconds causes the test to run for five seconds,
3388 wait for five seconds, and so on. This tests RCU's
3389 ability to transition abruptly to and from idle.
3391 rcutorture.test_boost= [KNL]
3392 Test RCU priority boosting? 0=no, 1=maybe, 2=yes.
3393 "Maybe" means test if the RCU implementation
3394 under test support RCU priority boosting.
3396 rcutorture.test_boost_duration= [KNL]
3397 Duration (s) of each individual boost test.
3399 rcutorture.test_boost_interval= [KNL]
3400 Interval (s) between each boost test.
3402 rcutorture.test_no_idle_hz= [KNL]
3403 Test RCU's dyntick-idle handling. See also the
3404 rcutorture.shuffle_interval parameter.
3406 rcutorture.torture_runnable= [BOOT]
3407 Start rcutorture running at boot time.
3409 rcutorture.torture_type= [KNL]
3410 Specify the RCU implementation to test.
3412 rcutorture.verbose= [KNL]
3413 Enable additional printk() statements.
3415 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_suppress= [KNL]
3416 Suppress RCU CPU stall warning messages.
3418 rcupdate.rcu_cpu_stall_timeout= [KNL]
3419 Set timeout for RCU CPU stall warning messages.
3421 rcupdate.rcu_expedited= [KNL]
3422 Use expedited grace-period primitives, for
3423 example, synchronize_rcu_expedited() instead
3424 of synchronize_rcu(). This reduces latency,
3425 but can increase CPU utilization, degrade
3426 real-time latency, and degrade energy efficiency.
3427 No effect on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels.
3429 rcupdate.rcu_normal= [KNL]
3430 Use only normal grace-period primitives,
3431 for example, synchronize_rcu() instead of
3432 synchronize_rcu_expedited(). This improves
3433 real-time latency, CPU utilization, and
3434 energy efficiency, but can expose users to
3435 increased grace-period latency. This parameter
3436 overrides rcupdate.rcu_expedited. No effect on
3437 CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels.
3439 rcupdate.rcu_normal_after_boot= [KNL]
3440 Once boot has completed (that is, after
3441 rcu_end_inkernel_boot() has been invoked), use
3442 only normal grace-period primitives. No effect
3443 on CONFIG_TINY_RCU kernels.
3445 rcupdate.rcu_task_stall_timeout= [KNL]
3446 Set timeout in jiffies for RCU task stall warning
3447 messages. Disable with a value less than or equal
3450 rcupdate.rcu_self_test= [KNL]
3451 Run the RCU early boot self tests
3453 rcupdate.rcu_self_test_bh= [KNL]
3454 Run the RCU bh early boot self tests
3456 rcupdate.rcu_self_test_sched= [KNL]
3457 Run the RCU sched early boot self tests
3461 Run specified binary instead of /init from the ramdisk,
3462 used for early userspace startup. See initrd.
3465 Format (x86 or x86_64):
3466 [w[arm] | c[old] | h[ard] | s[oft] | g[pio]] \
3468 [[,]b[ios] | a[cpi] | k[bd] | t[riple] | e[fi] | p[ci]] \
3470 Where reboot_mode is one of warm (soft) or cold (hard) or gpio,
3471 reboot_type is one of bios, acpi, kbd, triple, efi, or pci,
3472 reboot_force is either force or not specified,
3473 reboot_cpu is s[mp]#### with #### being the processor
3474 to be used for rebooting.
3477 [KNL, SMP] Set scheduler's default relax_domain_level.
3478 See Documentation/cgroups/cpusets.txt.
3480 relative_sleep_states=
3481 [SUSPEND] Use sleep state labeling where the deepest
3482 state available other than hibernation is always "mem".
3483 Format: { "0" | "1" }
3484 0 -- Traditional sleep state labels.
3485 1 -- Relative sleep state labels.
3487 reserve= [KNL,BUGS] Force the kernel to ignore some iomem area
3489 reservetop= [X86-32]
3491 Reserves a hole at the top of the kernel virtual
3496 Set the amount of memory to reserve for BIOS at
3497 the bottom of the address space.
3499 reset_devices [KNL] Force drivers to reset the underlying device
3500 during initialization.
3503 Specify the partition device for software suspend
3505 {/dev/<dev> | PARTUUID=<uuid> | <int>:<int> | <hex>}
3507 resume_offset= [SWSUSP]
3508 Specify the offset from the beginning of the partition
3509 given by "resume=" at which the swap header is located,
3510 in <PAGE_SIZE> units (needed only for swap files).
3511 See Documentation/power/swsusp-and-swap-files.txt
3513 resumedelay= [HIBERNATION] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
3514 read the resume files
3516 resumewait [HIBERNATION] Wait (indefinitely) for resume device to show up.
3517 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
3518 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
3520 hibernate= [HIBERNATION]
3521 noresume Don't check if there's a hibernation image
3522 present during boot.
3523 nocompress Don't compress/decompress hibernation images.
3524 no Disable hibernation and resume.
3526 retain_initrd [RAM] Keep initrd memory after extraction
3528 rfkill.default_state=
3529 0 "airplane mode". All wifi, bluetooth, wimax, gps, fm,
3530 etc. communication is blocked by default.
3533 rfkill.master_switch_mode=
3534 0 The "airplane mode" button does nothing.
3535 1 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything
3536 blocked and the previous configuration.
3537 2 The "airplane mode" button toggles between everything
3538 blocked and everything unblocked.
3540 rhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
3541 Set number of hash buckets for route cache
3543 ro [KNL] Mount root device read-only on boot
3546 on Mark read-only kernel memory as read-only (default).
3547 off Leave read-only kernel memory writable for debugging.
3550 Enable the uart passthrough on the designated usb port
3551 on Rockchip SoCs. When active, the signals of the
3552 debug-uart get routed to the D+ and D- pins of the usb
3553 port and the regular usb controller gets disabled.
3555 root= [KNL] Root filesystem
3556 See name_to_dev_t comment in init/do_mounts.c.
3558 rootdelay= [KNL] Delay (in seconds) to pause before attempting to
3559 mount the root filesystem
3561 rootflags= [KNL] Set root filesystem mount option string
3563 rootfstype= [KNL] Set root filesystem type
3565 rootwait [KNL] Wait (indefinitely) for root device to show up.
3566 Useful for devices that are detected asynchronously
3567 (e.g. USB and MMC devices).
3569 rproc_mem=nn[KMG][@address]
3570 [KNL,ARM,CMA] Remoteproc physical memory block.
3571 Memory area to be used by remote processor image,
3574 rw [KNL] Mount root device read-write on boot
3576 S [KNL] Run init in single mode
3578 s390_iommu= [HW,S390]
3579 Set s390 IOTLB flushing mode
3581 With strict flushing every unmap operation will result in
3582 an IOTLB flush. Default is lazy flushing before reuse,
3586 See drivers/net/irda/sa1100_ir.c.
3588 sbni= [NET] Granch SBNI12 leased line adapter
3590 sched_debug [KNL] Enables verbose scheduler debug messages.
3592 schedstats= [KNL,X86] Enable or disable scheduled statistics.
3593 Allowed values are enable and disable. This feature
3594 incurs a small amount of overhead in the scheduler
3595 but is useful for debugging and performance tuning.
3597 skew_tick= [KNL] Offset the periodic timer tick per cpu to mitigate
3598 xtime_lock contention on larger systems, and/or RCU lock
3599 contention on all systems with CONFIG_MAXSMP set.
3600 Format: { "0" | "1" }
3601 0 -- disable. (may be 1 via CONFIG_CMDLINE="skew_tick=1"
3603 Note: increases power consumption, thus should only be
3604 enabled if running jitter sensitive (HPC/RT) workloads.
3606 security= [SECURITY] Choose a security module to enable at boot.
3607 If this boot parameter is not specified, only the first
3608 security module asking for security registration will be
3609 loaded. An invalid security module name will be treated
3610 as if no module has been chosen.
3612 selinux= [SELINUX] Disable or enable SELinux at boot time.
3613 Format: { "0" | "1" }
3614 See security/selinux/Kconfig help text.
3617 Default value is set via kernel config option.
3618 If enabled at boot time, /selinux/disable can be used
3619 later to disable prior to initial policy load.
3621 apparmor= [APPARMOR] Disable or enable AppArmor at boot time
3622 Format: { "0" | "1" }
3623 See security/apparmor/Kconfig help text
3626 Default value is set via kernel config option.
3628 serialnumber [BUGS=X86-32]
3631 Maximal number of shapers.
3633 show_msr= [x86] show boot-time MSR settings
3634 Format: { <integer> }
3635 Show boot-time (BIOS-initialized) MSR settings.
3636 The parameter means the number of CPUs to show,
3637 for example 1 means boot CPU only.
3645 Disable merging of slabs with similar size. May be
3646 necessary if there is some reason to distinguish
3647 allocs to different slabs. Debug options disable
3648 merging on their own.
3649 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
3651 slab_max_order= [MM, SLAB]
3652 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
3653 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
3654 fragmentation. Defaults to 1 for systems with
3655 more than 32MB of RAM, 0 otherwise.
3657 slub_debug[=options[,slabs]] [MM, SLUB]
3658 Enabling slub_debug allows one to determine the
3659 culprit if slab objects become corrupted. Enabling
3660 slub_debug can create guard zones around objects and
3661 may poison objects when not in use. Also tracks the
3662 last alloc / free. For more information see
3663 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
3665 slub_max_order= [MM, SLUB]
3666 Determines the maximum allowed order for slabs.
3667 A high setting may cause OOMs due to memory
3668 fragmentation. For more information see
3669 Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
3671 slub_min_objects= [MM, SLUB]
3672 The minimum number of objects per slab. SLUB will
3673 increase the slab order up to slub_max_order to
3674 generate a sufficiently large slab able to contain
3675 the number of objects indicated. The higher the number
3676 of objects the smaller the overhead of tracking slabs
3677 and the less frequently locks need to be acquired.
3678 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
3680 slub_min_order= [MM, SLUB]
3681 Determines the minimum page order for slabs. Must be
3682 lower than slub_max_order.
3683 For more information see Documentation/vm/slub.txt.
3685 slub_nomerge [MM, SLUB]
3686 Same with slab_nomerge. This is supported for legacy.
3687 See slab_nomerge for more information.
3690 Format: <io1>[,<io2>[,...,<io8>]]
3692 smsc-ircc2.nopnp [HW] Don't use PNP to discover SMC devices
3693 smsc-ircc2.ircc_cfg= [HW] Device configuration I/O port
3694 smsc-ircc2.ircc_sir= [HW] SIR base I/O port
3695 smsc-ircc2.ircc_fir= [HW] FIR base I/O port
3696 smsc-ircc2.ircc_irq= [HW] IRQ line
3697 smsc-ircc2.ircc_dma= [HW] DMA channel
3698 smsc-ircc2.ircc_transceiver= [HW] Transceiver type:
3699 0: Toshiba Satellite 1800 (GP data pin select)
3700 1: Fast pin select (default)
3704 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate panics.
3707 softlockup_all_cpu_backtrace=
3708 [KNL] Should the soft-lockup detector generate
3709 backtraces on all cpus.
3712 sonypi.*= [HW] Sony Programmable I/O Control Device driver
3713 See Documentation/laptops/sonypi.txt
3715 spia_io_base= [HW,MTD]
3721 Enabled the stack tracer on boot up.
3723 stacktrace_filter=[function-list]
3724 [FTRACE] Limit the functions that the stack tracer
3725 will trace at boot up. function-list is a comma separated
3726 list of functions. This list can be changed at run
3727 time by the stack_trace_filter file in the debugfs
3728 tracing directory. Note, this enables stack tracing
3729 and the stacktrace above is not needed.
3733 Set the STI (builtin display/keyboard on the HP-PARISC
3734 machines) console (graphic card) which should be used
3735 as the initial boot-console.
3736 See also comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
3739 See comment in drivers/video/console/sticore.c.
3742 Format: bpp:<bpp1>[:<bpp2>[:<bpp3>...]]
3744 sunrpc.min_resvport=
3745 sunrpc.max_resvport=
3747 SunRPC servers often require that client requests
3748 originate from a privileged port (i.e. a port in the
3749 range 0 < portnr < 1024).
3750 An administrator who wishes to reserve some of these
3751 ports for other uses may adjust the range that the
3752 kernel's sunrpc client considers to be privileged
3753 using these two parameters to set the minimum and
3754 maximum port values.
3758 Control how the NFS server code allocates CPUs to
3759 service thread pools. Depending on how many NICs
3760 you have and where their interrupts are bound, this
3761 option will affect which CPUs will do NFS serving.
3762 Note: this parameter cannot be changed while the
3763 NFS server is running.
3765 auto the server chooses an appropriate mode
3766 automatically using heuristics
3767 global a single global pool contains all CPUs
3768 percpu one pool for each CPU
3769 pernode one pool for each NUMA node (equivalent
3770 to global on non-NUMA machines)
3772 sunrpc.tcp_slot_table_entries=
3773 sunrpc.udp_slot_table_entries=
3775 Sets the upper limit on the number of simultaneous
3776 RPC calls that can be sent from the client to a
3777 server. Increasing these values may allow you to
3778 improve throughput, but will also increase the
3779 amount of memory reserved for use by the client.
3781 suspend.pm_test_delay=
3783 Sets the number of seconds to remain in a suspend test
3784 mode before resuming the system (see
3785 /sys/power/pm_test). Only available when CONFIG_PM_DEBUG
3786 is set. Default value is 5.
3789 [KNL] Enable accounting of swap in memory resource
3790 controller if no parameter or 1 is given or disable
3791 it if 0 is given (See Documentation/cgroups/memory.txt)
3793 swiotlb= [ARM,IA-64,PPC,MIPS,X86]
3794 Format: { <int> | force }
3795 <int> -- Number of I/O TLB slabs
3796 force -- force using of bounce buffers even if they
3797 wouldn't be automatically used by the kernel
3801 sysfs.deprecated=0|1 [KNL]
3802 Enable/disable old style sysfs layout for old udev
3803 on older distributions. When this option is enabled
3804 very new udev will not work anymore. When this option
3805 is disabled (or CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED not compiled)
3806 in older udev will not work anymore.
3807 Default depends on CONFIG_SYSFS_DEPRECATED_V2 set in
3808 the kernel configuration.
3810 sysrq_always_enabled
3812 Ignore sysrq setting - this boot parameter will
3813 neutralize any effect of /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq.
3814 Useful for debugging.
3816 tcpmhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
3817 Set the number of tcp_metrics_hash slots.
3818 Default value is 8192 or 16384 depending on total
3819 ram pages. This is used to specify the TCP metrics
3820 cache size. See Documentation/networking/ip-sysctl.txt
3821 "tcp_no_metrics_save" section for more details.
3825 test_suspend= [SUSPEND][,N]
3826 Specify "mem" (for Suspend-to-RAM) or "standby" (for
3827 standby suspend) or "freeze" (for suspend type freeze)
3828 as the system sleep state during system startup with
3829 the optional capability to repeat N number of times.
3830 The system is woken from this state using a
3831 wakeup-capable RTC alarm.
3833 thash_entries= [KNL,NET]
3834 Set number of hash buckets for TCP connection
3836 thermal.act= [HW,ACPI]
3837 -1: disable all active trip points in all thermal zones
3838 <degrees C>: override all lowest active trip points
3840 thermal.crt= [HW,ACPI]
3841 -1: disable all critical trip points in all thermal zones
3842 <degrees C>: override all critical trip points
3844 thermal.nocrt= [HW,ACPI]
3845 Set to disable actions on ACPI thermal zone
3846 critical and hot trip points.
3848 thermal.off= [HW,ACPI]
3849 1: disable ACPI thermal control
3851 thermal.psv= [HW,ACPI]
3852 -1: disable all passive trip points
3853 <degrees C>: override all passive trip points to this
3856 thermal.tzp= [HW,ACPI]
3857 Specify global default ACPI thermal zone polling rate
3858 <deci-seconds>: poll all this frequency
3859 0: no polling (default)
3862 Force threading of all interrupt handlers except those
3863 marked explicitly IRQF_NO_THREAD.
3866 Enable the Transcendent memory driver if built-in.
3868 tmem.cleancache=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
3869 Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the cleancache
3870 API to send anonymous pages to the hypervisor.
3872 tmem.frontswap=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
3873 Default is on (1). Disable the usage of the frontswap
3874 API to send swap pages to the hypervisor. If disabled
3875 the selfballooning and selfshrinking are force disabled.
3877 tmem.selfballooning=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
3878 Default is on (1). Disable the driving of swap pages
3881 tmem.selfshrinking=0|1 [KNL, XEN]
3882 Default is on (1). Partial swapoff that immediately
3883 transfers pages from Xen hypervisor back to the
3884 kernel based on different criteria.
3888 Specify if the kernel should make use of the cpu
3889 topology information if the hardware supports this.
3890 The scheduler will make use of this information and
3891 e.g. base its process migration decisions on it.
3894 topology_updates= [KNL, PPC, NUMA]
3896 Specify if the kernel should ignore (off)
3897 topology updates sent by the hypervisor to this
3902 tpm_suspend_pcr=[HW,TPM]
3903 Format: integer pcr id
3904 Specify that at suspend time, the tpm driver
3905 should extend the specified pcr with zeros,
3906 as a workaround for some chips which fail to
3907 flush the last written pcr on TPM_SaveState.
3908 This will guarantee that all the other pcrs
3911 trace_buf_size=nn[KMG]
3912 [FTRACE] will set tracing buffer size on each cpu.
3914 trace_event=[event-list]
3915 [FTRACE] Set and start specified trace events in order
3916 to facilitate early boot debugging.
3917 See also Documentation/trace/events.txt
3919 trace_options=[option-list]
3920 [FTRACE] Enable or disable tracer options at boot.
3921 The option-list is a comma delimited list of options
3922 that can be enabled or disabled just as if you were
3923 to echo the option name into
3925 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/trace_options
3927 For example, to enable stacktrace option (to dump the
3928 stack trace of each event), add to the command line:
3930 trace_options=stacktrace
3932 See also Documentation/trace/ftrace.txt "trace options"
3936 Have the tracepoints sent to printk as well as the
3937 tracing ring buffer. This is useful for early boot up
3938 where the system hangs or reboots and does not give the
3939 option for reading the tracing buffer or performing a
3940 ftrace_dump_on_oops.
3942 To turn off having tracepoints sent to printk,
3943 echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/tracepoint_printk
3944 Note, echoing 1 into this file without the
3945 tracepoint_printk kernel cmdline option has no effect.
3949 Having tracepoints sent to printk() and activating high
3950 frequency tracepoints such as irq or sched, can cause
3951 the system to live lock.
3954 [FTRACE] enable this option to disable tracing when a
3955 warning is hit. This turns off "tracing_on". Tracing can
3956 be enabled again by echoing '1' into the "tracing_on"
3957 file located in /sys/kernel/debug/tracing/
3959 This option is useful, as it disables the trace before
3960 the WARNING dump is called, which prevents the trace to
3961 be filled with content caused by the warning output.
3963 This option can also be set at run time via the sysctl
3964 option: kernel/traceoff_on_warning
3966 transparent_hugepage=
3968 Format: [always|madvise|never]
3969 Can be used to control the default behavior of the system
3970 with respect to transparent hugepages.
3971 See Documentation/vm/transhuge.txt for more details.
3973 tsc= Disable clocksource stability checks for TSC.
3975 [x86] reliable: mark tsc clocksource as reliable, this
3976 disables clocksource verification at runtime, as well
3977 as the stability checks done at bootup. Used to enable
3978 high-resolution timer mode on older hardware, and in
3979 virtualized environment.
3980 [x86] noirqtime: Do not use TSC to do irq accounting.
3981 Used to run time disable IRQ_TIME_ACCOUNTING on any
3982 platforms where RDTSC is slow and this accounting
3985 turbografx.map[2|3]= [HW,JOY]
3986 TurboGraFX parallel port interface
3988 <port#>,<js1>,<js2>,<js3>,<js4>,<js5>,<js6>,<js7>
3989 See also Documentation/input/joystick-parport.txt
3991 udbg-immortal [PPC] When debugging early kernel crashes that
3992 happen after console_init() and before a proper
3993 console driver takes over, this boot options might
3994 help "seeing" what's going on.
3996 uhash_entries= [KNL,NET]
3997 Set number of hash buckets for UDP/UDP-Lite connections
4000 [USB] Ignore overcurrent events (default N).
4001 Some badly-designed motherboards generate lots of
4002 bogus events, for ports that aren't wired to
4003 anything. Set this parameter to avoid log spamming.
4004 Note that genuine overcurrent events won't be
4008 [X86] Cause panic on unknown NMI.
4010 usbcore.authorized_default=
4011 [USB] Default USB device authorization:
4012 (default -1 = authorized except for wireless USB,
4013 0 = not authorized, 1 = authorized)
4015 usbcore.autosuspend=
4016 [USB] The autosuspend time delay (in seconds) used
4017 for newly-detected USB devices (default 2). This
4018 is the time required before an idle device will be
4019 autosuspended. Devices for which the delay is set
4020 to a negative value won't be autosuspended at all.
4022 usbcore.usbfs_snoop=
4023 [USB] Set to log all usbfs traffic (default 0 = off).
4025 usbcore.usbfs_snoop_max=
4026 [USB] Maximum number of bytes to snoop in each URB
4029 usbcore.blinkenlights=
4030 [USB] Set to cycle leds on hubs (default 0 = off).
4032 usbcore.old_scheme_first=
4033 [USB] Start with the old device initialization
4034 scheme (default 0 = off).
4036 usbcore.usbfs_memory_mb=
4037 [USB] Memory limit (in MB) for buffers allocated by
4038 usbfs (default = 16, 0 = max = 2047).
4040 usbcore.use_both_schemes=
4041 [USB] Try the other device initialization scheme
4042 if the first one fails (default 1 = enabled).
4044 usbcore.initial_descriptor_timeout=
4045 [USB] Specifies timeout for the initial 64-byte
4046 USB_REQ_GET_DESCRIPTOR request in milliseconds
4047 (default 5000 = 5.0 seconds).
4049 usbcore.nousb [USB] Disable the USB subsystem
4052 [USBHID] The interval which mice are to be polled at.
4054 usb-storage.delay_use=
4055 [UMS] The delay in seconds before a new device is
4056 scanned for Logical Units (default 1).
4059 [UMS] A list of quirks entries to supplement or
4060 override the built-in unusual_devs list. List
4061 entries are separated by commas. Each entry has
4062 the form VID:PID:Flags where VID and PID are Vendor
4063 and Product ID values (4-digit hex numbers) and
4064 Flags is a set of characters, each corresponding
4065 to a common usb-storage quirk flag as follows:
4066 a = SANE_SENSE (collect more than 18 bytes
4068 b = BAD_SENSE (don't collect more than 18
4069 bytes of sense data);
4070 c = FIX_CAPACITY (decrease the reported
4071 device capacity by one sector);
4072 d = NO_READ_DISC_INFO (don't use
4073 READ_DISC_INFO command);
4074 e = NO_READ_CAPACITY_16 (don't use
4075 READ_CAPACITY_16 command);
4076 f = NO_REPORT_OPCODES (don't use report opcodes
4078 g = MAX_SECTORS_240 (don't transfer more than
4079 240 sectors at a time, uas only);
4080 h = CAPACITY_HEURISTICS (decrease the
4081 reported device capacity by one
4082 sector if the number is odd);
4083 i = IGNORE_DEVICE (don't bind to this
4085 j = NO_REPORT_LUNS (don't use report luns
4087 l = NOT_LOCKABLE (don't try to lock and
4088 unlock ejectable media);
4089 m = MAX_SECTORS_64 (don't transfer more
4090 than 64 sectors = 32 KB at a time);
4091 n = INITIAL_READ10 (force a retry of the
4092 initial READ(10) command);
4093 o = CAPACITY_OK (accept the capacity
4094 reported by the device);
4095 p = WRITE_CACHE (the device cache is ON
4097 r = IGNORE_RESIDUE (the device reports
4098 bogus residue values);
4099 s = SINGLE_LUN (the device has only one
4101 t = NO_ATA_1X (don't allow ATA(12) and ATA(16)
4102 commands, uas only);
4103 u = IGNORE_UAS (don't bind to the uas driver);
4104 w = NO_WP_DETECT (don't test whether the
4105 medium is write-protected).
4106 Example: quirks=0419:aaf5:rl,0421:0433:rc
4108 user_debug= [KNL,ARM]
4110 See arch/arm/Kconfig.debug help text.
4111 1 - undefined instruction events
4113 4 - invalid data aborts
4116 Example: user_debug=31
4119 [X86] Flags controlling user PTE allocations.
4121 nohigh = do not allocate PTE pages in
4122 HIGHMEM regardless of setting
4126 On X86_32, this is an alias for vdso32=. Otherwise:
4128 vdso=1: enable VDSO (the default)
4129 vdso=0: disable VDSO mapping
4131 vdso32= [X86] Control the 32-bit vDSO
4132 vdso32=1: enable 32-bit VDSO
4133 vdso32=0 or vdso32=2: disable 32-bit VDSO
4135 See the help text for CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO for more
4136 details. If CONFIG_COMPAT_VDSO is set, the default is
4137 vdso32=0; otherwise, the default is vdso32=1.
4139 For compatibility with older kernels, vdso32=2 is an
4142 Try vdso32=0 if you encounter an error that says:
4143 dl_main: Assertion `(void *) ph->p_vaddr == _rtld_local._dl_sysinfo_dso' failed!
4146 vector=percpu: enable percpu vector domain
4148 video= [FB] Frame buffer configuration
4149 See Documentation/fb/modedb.txt.
4151 video.brightness_switch_enabled= [0,1]
4152 If set to 1, on receiving an ACPI notify event
4153 generated by hotkey, video driver will adjust brightness
4154 level and then send out the event to user space through
4155 the allocated input device; If set to 0, video driver
4156 will only send out the event without touching backlight
4161 [VMMIO] Memory mapped virtio (platform) device.
4163 <size>@<baseaddr>:<irq>[:<id>]
4165 <size> := size (can use standard suffixes
4167 <baseaddr> := physical base address
4168 <irq> := interrupt number (as passed to
4170 <id> := (optional) platform device id
4172 virtio_mmio.device=1K@0x100b0000:48:7
4174 Can be used multiple times for multiple devices.
4176 vga= [BOOT,X86-32] Select a particular video mode
4177 See Documentation/x86/boot.txt and
4178 Documentation/svga.txt.
4179 Use vga=ask for menu.
4180 This is actually a boot loader parameter; the value is
4181 passed to the kernel using a special protocol.
4183 vmalloc=nn[KMG] [KNL,BOOT] Forces the vmalloc area to have an exact
4184 size of <nn>. This can be used to increase the
4185 minimum size (128MB on x86). It can also be used to
4186 decrease the size and leave more room for directly
4189 vmhalt= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after system halt.
4192 vmpanic= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after kernel panic.
4195 vmpoff= [KNL,S390] Perform z/VM CP command after power off.
4199 Controls the behavior of vsyscalls (i.e. calls to
4200 fixed addresses of 0xffffffffff600x00 from legacy
4201 code). Most statically-linked binaries and older
4202 versions of glibc use these calls. Because these
4203 functions are at fixed addresses, they make nice
4204 targets for exploits that can control RIP.
4206 emulate [default] Vsyscalls turn into traps and are
4207 emulated reasonably safely.
4209 native Vsyscalls are native syscall instructions.
4210 This is a little bit faster than trapping
4211 and makes a few dynamic recompilers work
4212 better than they would in emulation mode.
4213 It also makes exploits much easier to write.
4215 none Vsyscalls don't work at all. This makes
4216 them quite hard to use for exploits but
4217 might break your system.
4219 vt.color= [VT] Default text color.
4220 Format: 0xYX, X = foreground, Y = background.
4221 Default: 0x07 = light gray on black.
4223 vt.cur_default= [VT] Default cursor shape.
4224 Format: 0xCCBBAA, where AA, BB, and CC are the same as
4225 the parameters of the <Esc>[?A;B;Cc escape sequence;
4226 see VGA-softcursor.txt. Default: 2 = underline.
4228 vt.default_blu= [VT]
4229 Format: <blue0>,<blue1>,<blue2>,...,<blue15>
4230 Change the default blue palette of the console.
4231 This is a 16-member array composed of values
4234 vt.default_grn= [VT]
4235 Format: <green0>,<green1>,<green2>,...,<green15>
4236 Change the default green palette of the console.
4237 This is a 16-member array composed of values
4240 vt.default_red= [VT]
4241 Format: <red0>,<red1>,<red2>,...,<red15>
4242 Change the default red palette of the console.
4243 This is a 16-member array composed of values
4249 Set system-wide default UTF-8 mode for all tty's.
4250 Default is 1, i.e. UTF-8 mode is enabled for all
4251 newly opened terminals.
4253 vt.global_cursor_default=
4256 Set system-wide default for whether a cursor
4257 is shown on new VTs. Default is -1,
4258 i.e. cursors will be created by default unless
4259 overridden by individual drivers. 0 will hide
4260 cursors, 1 will display them.
4262 vt.italic= [VT] Default color for italic text; 0-15.
4265 vt.underline= [VT] Default color for underlined text; 0-15.
4268 watchdog timers [HW,WDT] For information on watchdog timers,
4269 see Documentation/watchdog/watchdog-parameters.txt
4270 or other driver-specific files in the
4271 Documentation/watchdog/ directory.
4273 workqueue.watchdog_thresh=
4274 If CONFIG_WQ_WATCHDOG is configured, workqueue can
4275 warn stall conditions and dump internal state to
4276 help debugging. 0 disables workqueue stall
4277 detection; otherwise, it's the stall threshold
4278 duration in seconds. The default value is 30 and
4279 it can be updated at runtime by writing to the
4280 corresponding sysfs file.
4282 workqueue.disable_numa
4283 By default, all work items queued to unbound
4284 workqueues are affine to the NUMA nodes they're
4285 issued on, which results in better behavior in
4286 general. If NUMA affinity needs to be disabled for
4287 whatever reason, this option can be used. Note
4288 that this also can be controlled per-workqueue for
4289 workqueues visible under /sys/bus/workqueue/.
4291 workqueue.power_efficient
4292 Per-cpu workqueues are generally preferred because
4293 they show better performance thanks to cache
4294 locality; unfortunately, per-cpu workqueues tend to
4295 be more power hungry than unbound workqueues.
4297 Enabling this makes the per-cpu workqueues which
4298 were observed to contribute significantly to power
4299 consumption unbound, leading to measurably lower
4300 power usage at the cost of small performance
4303 The default value of this parameter is determined by
4304 the config option CONFIG_WQ_POWER_EFFICIENT_DEFAULT.
4306 workqueue.debug_force_rr_cpu
4307 Workqueue used to implicitly guarantee that work
4308 items queued without explicit CPU specified are put
4309 on the local CPU. This guarantee is no longer true
4310 and while local CPU is still preferred work items
4311 may be put on foreign CPUs. This debug option
4312 forces round-robin CPU selection to flush out
4313 usages which depend on the now broken guarantee.
4314 When enabled, memory and cache locality will be
4317 x2apic_phys [X86-64,APIC] Use x2apic physical mode instead of
4318 default x2apic cluster mode on platforms
4321 x86_intel_mid_timer= [X86-32,APBT]
4322 Choose timer option for x86 Intel MID platform.
4323 Two valid options are apbt timer only and lapic timer
4324 plus one apbt timer for broadcast timer.
4325 x86_intel_mid_timer=apbt_only | lapic_and_apbt
4327 xen_512gb_limit [KNL,X86-64,XEN]
4328 Restricts the kernel running paravirtualized under Xen
4329 to use only up to 512 GB of RAM. The reason to do so is
4330 crash analysis tools and Xen tools for doing domain
4331 save/restore/migration must be enabled to handle larger
4334 xen_emul_unplug= [HW,X86,XEN]
4335 Unplug Xen emulated devices
4336 Format: [unplug0,][unplug1]
4337 ide-disks -- unplug primary master IDE devices
4338 aux-ide-disks -- unplug non-primary-master IDE devices
4339 nics -- unplug network devices
4340 all -- unplug all emulated devices (NICs and IDE disks)
4341 unnecessary -- unplugging emulated devices is
4342 unnecessary even if the host did not respond to
4344 never -- do not unplug even if version check succeeds
4346 xen_nopvspin [X86,XEN]
4347 Disables the ticketlock slowpath using Xen PV
4351 Disables the PV optimizations forcing the HVM guest to
4352 run as generic HVM guest with no PV drivers.
4354 xirc2ps_cs= [NET,PCMCIA]
4356 <irq>,<irq_mask>,<io>,<full_duplex>,<do_sound>,<lockup_hack>[,<irq2>[,<irq3>[,<irq4>]]]
4358 ______________________________________________________________________
4362 Add more DRM drivers.
projects / cascardo / linux.git / blob