2 * Freescale GPMI NAND Flash Driver
4 * Copyright (C) 2010-2011 Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.
5 * Copyright (C) 2008 Embedded Alley Solutions, Inc.
7 * This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
8 * it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
9 * the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
10 * (at your option) any later version.
12 * This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
13 * but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
14 * MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
15 * GNU General Public License for more details.
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along
18 * with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc.,
19 * 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
21 #include <linux/clk.h>
22 #include <linux/slab.h>
23 #include <linux/interrupt.h>
24 #include <linux/module.h>
25 #include <linux/mtd/gpmi-nand.h>
26 #include <linux/mtd/partitions.h>
28 #include <linux/of_device.h>
29 #include "gpmi-nand.h"
31 /* add our owner bbt descriptor */
32 static uint8_t scan_ff_pattern[] = { 0xff };
33 static struct nand_bbt_descr gpmi_bbt_descr = {
37 .pattern = scan_ff_pattern
40 /* We will use all the (page + OOB). */
41 static struct nand_ecclayout gpmi_hw_ecclayout = {
44 .oobfree = { {.offset = 0, .length = 0} }
47 static irqreturn_t bch_irq(int irq, void *cookie)
49 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = cookie;
52 complete(&this->bch_done);
57 * Calculate the ECC strength by hand:
58 * E : The ECC strength.
59 * G : the length of Galois Field.
60 * N : The chunk count of per page.
61 * O : the oobsize of the NAND chip.
62 * M : the metasize of per page.
66 * ------------ <= (O - M)
74 static inline int get_ecc_strength(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
76 struct bch_geometry *geo = &this->bch_geometry;
77 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
80 ecc_strength = ((mtd->oobsize - geo->metadata_size) * 8)
81 / (geo->gf_len * geo->ecc_chunk_count);
83 /* We need the minor even number. */
84 return round_down(ecc_strength, 2);
87 int common_nfc_set_geometry(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
89 struct bch_geometry *geo = &this->bch_geometry;
90 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
91 unsigned int metadata_size;
92 unsigned int status_size;
93 unsigned int block_mark_bit_offset;
96 * The size of the metadata can be changed, though we set it to 10
97 * bytes now. But it can't be too large, because we have to save
98 * enough space for BCH.
100 geo->metadata_size = 10;
102 /* The default for the length of Galois Field. */
105 /* The default for chunk size. There is no oobsize greater then 512. */
106 geo->ecc_chunk_size = 512;
107 while (geo->ecc_chunk_size < mtd->oobsize)
108 geo->ecc_chunk_size *= 2; /* keep C >= O */
110 geo->ecc_chunk_count = mtd->writesize / geo->ecc_chunk_size;
112 /* We use the same ECC strength for all chunks. */
113 geo->ecc_strength = get_ecc_strength(this);
114 if (!geo->ecc_strength) {
115 pr_err("We get a wrong ECC strength.\n");
119 geo->page_size = mtd->writesize + mtd->oobsize;
120 geo->payload_size = mtd->writesize;
123 * The auxiliary buffer contains the metadata and the ECC status. The
124 * metadata is padded to the nearest 32-bit boundary. The ECC status
125 * contains one byte for every ECC chunk, and is also padded to the
126 * nearest 32-bit boundary.
128 metadata_size = ALIGN(geo->metadata_size, 4);
129 status_size = ALIGN(geo->ecc_chunk_count, 4);
131 geo->auxiliary_size = metadata_size + status_size;
132 geo->auxiliary_status_offset = metadata_size;
134 if (!this->swap_block_mark)
138 * We need to compute the byte and bit offsets of
139 * the physical block mark within the ECC-based view of the page.
141 * NAND chip with 2K page shows below:
147 * +---+----------+-+----------+-+----------+-+----------+-+
148 * | M | data |E| data |E| data |E| data |E|
149 * +---+----------+-+----------+-+----------+-+----------+-+
151 * The position of block mark moves forward in the ECC-based view
152 * of page, and the delta is:
155 * D = (---------------- + M)
158 * With the formula to compute the ECC strength, and the condition
159 * : C >= O (C is the ecc chunk size)
161 * It's easy to deduce to the following result:
163 * E * G (O - M) C - M C - M
164 * ----------- <= ------- <= -------- < ---------
170 * D = (---------------- + M) < C
173 * The above inequality means the position of block mark
174 * within the ECC-based view of the page is still in the data chunk,
175 * and it's NOT in the ECC bits of the chunk.
177 * Use the following to compute the bit position of the
178 * physical block mark within the ECC-based view of the page:
179 * (page_size - D) * 8
183 block_mark_bit_offset = mtd->writesize * 8 -
184 (geo->ecc_strength * geo->gf_len * (geo->ecc_chunk_count - 1)
185 + geo->metadata_size * 8);
187 geo->block_mark_byte_offset = block_mark_bit_offset / 8;
188 geo->block_mark_bit_offset = block_mark_bit_offset % 8;
192 struct dma_chan *get_dma_chan(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
194 int chipnr = this->current_chip;
196 return this->dma_chans[chipnr];
199 /* Can we use the upper's buffer directly for DMA? */
200 void prepare_data_dma(struct gpmi_nand_data *this, enum dma_data_direction dr)
202 struct scatterlist *sgl = &this->data_sgl;
205 this->direct_dma_map_ok = true;
207 /* first try to map the upper buffer directly */
208 sg_init_one(sgl, this->upper_buf, this->upper_len);
209 ret = dma_map_sg(this->dev, sgl, 1, dr);
211 /* We have to use our own DMA buffer. */
212 sg_init_one(sgl, this->data_buffer_dma, PAGE_SIZE);
214 if (dr == DMA_TO_DEVICE)
215 memcpy(this->data_buffer_dma, this->upper_buf,
218 ret = dma_map_sg(this->dev, sgl, 1, dr);
220 pr_err("map failed.\n");
222 this->direct_dma_map_ok = false;
226 /* This will be called after the DMA operation is finished. */
227 static void dma_irq_callback(void *param)
229 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = param;
230 struct completion *dma_c = &this->dma_done;
234 switch (this->dma_type) {
235 case DMA_FOR_COMMAND:
236 dma_unmap_sg(this->dev, &this->cmd_sgl, 1, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
239 case DMA_FOR_READ_DATA:
240 dma_unmap_sg(this->dev, &this->data_sgl, 1, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
241 if (this->direct_dma_map_ok == false)
242 memcpy(this->upper_buf, this->data_buffer_dma,
246 case DMA_FOR_WRITE_DATA:
247 dma_unmap_sg(this->dev, &this->data_sgl, 1, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
250 case DMA_FOR_READ_ECC_PAGE:
251 case DMA_FOR_WRITE_ECC_PAGE:
252 /* We have to wait the BCH interrupt to finish. */
256 pr_err("in wrong DMA operation.\n");
260 int start_dma_without_bch_irq(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
261 struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *desc)
263 struct completion *dma_c = &this->dma_done;
266 init_completion(dma_c);
268 desc->callback = dma_irq_callback;
269 desc->callback_param = this;
270 dmaengine_submit(desc);
271 dma_async_issue_pending(get_dma_chan(this));
273 /* Wait for the interrupt from the DMA block. */
274 err = wait_for_completion_timeout(dma_c, msecs_to_jiffies(1000));
276 pr_err("DMA timeout, last DMA :%d\n", this->last_dma_type);
277 gpmi_dump_info(this);
284 * This function is used in BCH reading or BCH writing pages.
285 * It will wait for the BCH interrupt as long as ONE second.
286 * Actually, we must wait for two interrupts :
287 * [1] firstly the DMA interrupt and
288 * [2] secondly the BCH interrupt.
290 int start_dma_with_bch_irq(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
291 struct dma_async_tx_descriptor *desc)
293 struct completion *bch_c = &this->bch_done;
296 /* Prepare to receive an interrupt from the BCH block. */
297 init_completion(bch_c);
300 start_dma_without_bch_irq(this, desc);
302 /* Wait for the interrupt from the BCH block. */
303 err = wait_for_completion_timeout(bch_c, msecs_to_jiffies(1000));
305 pr_err("BCH timeout, last DMA :%d\n", this->last_dma_type);
306 gpmi_dump_info(this);
313 acquire_register_block(struct gpmi_nand_data *this, const char *res_name)
315 struct platform_device *pdev = this->pdev;
316 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
320 r = platform_get_resource_byname(pdev, IORESOURCE_MEM, res_name);
322 pr_err("Can't get resource for %s\n", res_name);
326 p = ioremap(r->start, resource_size(r));
328 pr_err("Can't remap %s\n", res_name);
332 if (!strcmp(res_name, GPMI_NAND_GPMI_REGS_ADDR_RES_NAME))
334 else if (!strcmp(res_name, GPMI_NAND_BCH_REGS_ADDR_RES_NAME))
337 pr_err("unknown resource name : %s\n", res_name);
342 static void release_register_block(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
344 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
346 iounmap(res->gpmi_regs);
348 iounmap(res->bch_regs);
349 res->gpmi_regs = NULL;
350 res->bch_regs = NULL;
354 acquire_bch_irq(struct gpmi_nand_data *this, irq_handler_t irq_h)
356 struct platform_device *pdev = this->pdev;
357 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
358 const char *res_name = GPMI_NAND_BCH_INTERRUPT_RES_NAME;
362 r = platform_get_resource_byname(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ, res_name);
364 pr_err("Can't get resource for %s\n", res_name);
368 err = request_irq(r->start, irq_h, 0, res_name, this);
370 pr_err("Can't own %s\n", res_name);
374 res->bch_low_interrupt = r->start;
375 res->bch_high_interrupt = r->end;
379 static void release_bch_irq(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
381 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
382 int i = res->bch_low_interrupt;
384 for (; i <= res->bch_high_interrupt; i++)
388 static bool gpmi_dma_filter(struct dma_chan *chan, void *param)
390 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = param;
391 int dma_channel = (int)this->private;
393 if (!mxs_dma_is_apbh(chan))
396 * only catch the GPMI dma channels :
397 * for mx23 : MX23_DMA_GPMI0 ~ MX23_DMA_GPMI3
398 * (These four channels share the same IRQ!)
400 * for mx28 : MX28_DMA_GPMI0 ~ MX28_DMA_GPMI7
401 * (These eight channels share the same IRQ!)
403 if (dma_channel == chan->chan_id) {
404 chan->private = &this->dma_data;
410 static void release_dma_channels(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
413 for (i = 0; i < DMA_CHANS; i++)
414 if (this->dma_chans[i]) {
415 dma_release_channel(this->dma_chans[i]);
416 this->dma_chans[i] = NULL;
420 static int __devinit acquire_dma_channels(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
422 struct platform_device *pdev = this->pdev;
423 struct resource *r_dma;
424 struct device_node *dn;
427 struct dma_chan *dma_chan;
430 /* dma channel, we only use the first one. */
431 dn = pdev->dev.of_node;
432 ret = of_property_read_u32(dn, "fsl,gpmi-dma-channel", &dma_channel);
434 pr_err("unable to get DMA channel from dt.\n");
437 this->private = (void *)dma_channel;
439 /* gpmi dma interrupt */
440 r_dma = platform_get_resource_byname(pdev, IORESOURCE_IRQ,
441 GPMI_NAND_DMA_INTERRUPT_RES_NAME);
443 pr_err("Can't get resource for DMA\n");
446 this->dma_data.chan_irq = r_dma->start;
448 /* request dma channel */
450 dma_cap_set(DMA_SLAVE, mask);
452 dma_chan = dma_request_channel(mask, gpmi_dma_filter, this);
454 pr_err("dma_request_channel failed.\n");
458 this->dma_chans[0] = dma_chan;
462 release_dma_channels(this);
466 static int __devinit acquire_resources(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
468 struct resources *res = &this->resources;
471 ret = acquire_register_block(this, GPMI_NAND_GPMI_REGS_ADDR_RES_NAME);
475 ret = acquire_register_block(this, GPMI_NAND_BCH_REGS_ADDR_RES_NAME);
479 ret = acquire_bch_irq(this, bch_irq);
483 ret = acquire_dma_channels(this);
485 goto exit_dma_channels;
487 res->clock = clk_get(&this->pdev->dev, NULL);
488 if (IS_ERR(res->clock)) {
489 pr_err("can not get the clock\n");
496 release_dma_channels(this);
498 release_bch_irq(this);
500 release_register_block(this);
504 static void release_resources(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
506 struct resources *r = &this->resources;
509 release_register_block(this);
510 release_bch_irq(this);
511 release_dma_channels(this);
514 static int __devinit init_hardware(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
519 * This structure contains the "safe" GPMI timing that should succeed
520 * with any NAND Flash device
521 * (although, with less-than-optimal performance).
523 struct nand_timing safe_timing = {
524 .data_setup_in_ns = 80,
525 .data_hold_in_ns = 60,
526 .address_setup_in_ns = 25,
527 .gpmi_sample_delay_in_ns = 6,
533 /* Initialize the hardwares. */
534 ret = gpmi_init(this);
538 this->timing = safe_timing;
542 static int read_page_prepare(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
543 void *destination, unsigned length,
544 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
545 void **use_virt, dma_addr_t *use_phys)
547 struct device *dev = this->dev;
549 if (virt_addr_valid(destination)) {
550 dma_addr_t dest_phys;
552 dest_phys = dma_map_single(dev, destination,
553 length, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
554 if (dma_mapping_error(dev, dest_phys)) {
555 if (alt_size < length) {
556 pr_err("Alternate buffer is too small\n");
561 *use_virt = destination;
562 *use_phys = dest_phys;
563 this->direct_dma_map_ok = true;
568 *use_virt = alt_virt;
569 *use_phys = alt_phys;
570 this->direct_dma_map_ok = false;
574 static inline void read_page_end(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
575 void *destination, unsigned length,
576 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
577 void *used_virt, dma_addr_t used_phys)
579 if (this->direct_dma_map_ok)
580 dma_unmap_single(this->dev, used_phys, length, DMA_FROM_DEVICE);
583 static inline void read_page_swap_end(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
584 void *destination, unsigned length,
585 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
586 void *used_virt, dma_addr_t used_phys)
588 if (!this->direct_dma_map_ok)
589 memcpy(destination, alt_virt, length);
592 static int send_page_prepare(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
593 const void *source, unsigned length,
594 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
595 const void **use_virt, dma_addr_t *use_phys)
597 struct device *dev = this->dev;
599 if (virt_addr_valid(source)) {
600 dma_addr_t source_phys;
602 source_phys = dma_map_single(dev, (void *)source, length,
604 if (dma_mapping_error(dev, source_phys)) {
605 if (alt_size < length) {
606 pr_err("Alternate buffer is too small\n");
612 *use_phys = source_phys;
617 * Copy the content of the source buffer into the alternate
618 * buffer and set up the return values accordingly.
620 memcpy(alt_virt, source, length);
622 *use_virt = alt_virt;
623 *use_phys = alt_phys;
627 static void send_page_end(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
628 const void *source, unsigned length,
629 void *alt_virt, dma_addr_t alt_phys, unsigned alt_size,
630 const void *used_virt, dma_addr_t used_phys)
632 struct device *dev = this->dev;
633 if (used_virt == source)
634 dma_unmap_single(dev, used_phys, length, DMA_TO_DEVICE);
637 static void gpmi_free_dma_buffer(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
639 struct device *dev = this->dev;
641 if (this->page_buffer_virt && virt_addr_valid(this->page_buffer_virt))
642 dma_free_coherent(dev, this->page_buffer_size,
643 this->page_buffer_virt,
644 this->page_buffer_phys);
645 kfree(this->cmd_buffer);
646 kfree(this->data_buffer_dma);
648 this->cmd_buffer = NULL;
649 this->data_buffer_dma = NULL;
650 this->page_buffer_virt = NULL;
651 this->page_buffer_size = 0;
654 /* Allocate the DMA buffers */
655 static int gpmi_alloc_dma_buffer(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
657 struct bch_geometry *geo = &this->bch_geometry;
658 struct device *dev = this->dev;
660 /* [1] Allocate a command buffer. PAGE_SIZE is enough. */
661 this->cmd_buffer = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_DMA);
662 if (this->cmd_buffer == NULL)
665 /* [2] Allocate a read/write data buffer. PAGE_SIZE is enough. */
666 this->data_buffer_dma = kzalloc(PAGE_SIZE, GFP_DMA);
667 if (this->data_buffer_dma == NULL)
671 * [3] Allocate the page buffer.
673 * Both the payload buffer and the auxiliary buffer must appear on
674 * 32-bit boundaries. We presume the size of the payload buffer is a
675 * power of two and is much larger than four, which guarantees the
676 * auxiliary buffer will appear on a 32-bit boundary.
678 this->page_buffer_size = geo->payload_size + geo->auxiliary_size;
679 this->page_buffer_virt = dma_alloc_coherent(dev, this->page_buffer_size,
680 &this->page_buffer_phys, GFP_DMA);
681 if (!this->page_buffer_virt)
685 /* Slice up the page buffer. */
686 this->payload_virt = this->page_buffer_virt;
687 this->payload_phys = this->page_buffer_phys;
688 this->auxiliary_virt = this->payload_virt + geo->payload_size;
689 this->auxiliary_phys = this->payload_phys + geo->payload_size;
693 gpmi_free_dma_buffer(this);
694 pr_err("allocate DMA buffer ret!!\n");
698 static void gpmi_cmd_ctrl(struct mtd_info *mtd, int data, unsigned int ctrl)
700 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
701 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
705 * Every operation begins with a command byte and a series of zero or
706 * more address bytes. These are distinguished by either the Address
707 * Latch Enable (ALE) or Command Latch Enable (CLE) signals being
708 * asserted. When MTD is ready to execute the command, it will deassert
709 * both latch enables.
711 * Rather than run a separate DMA operation for every single byte, we
712 * queue them up and run a single DMA operation for the entire series
713 * of command and data bytes. NAND_CMD_NONE means the END of the queue.
715 if ((ctrl & (NAND_ALE | NAND_CLE))) {
716 if (data != NAND_CMD_NONE)
717 this->cmd_buffer[this->command_length++] = data;
721 if (!this->command_length)
724 ret = gpmi_send_command(this);
726 pr_err("Chip: %u, Error %d\n", this->current_chip, ret);
728 this->command_length = 0;
731 static int gpmi_dev_ready(struct mtd_info *mtd)
733 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
734 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
736 return gpmi_is_ready(this, this->current_chip);
739 static void gpmi_select_chip(struct mtd_info *mtd, int chipnr)
741 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
742 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
744 if ((this->current_chip < 0) && (chipnr >= 0))
746 else if ((this->current_chip >= 0) && (chipnr < 0))
749 this->current_chip = chipnr;
752 static void gpmi_read_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, uint8_t *buf, int len)
754 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
755 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
757 pr_debug("len is %d\n", len);
758 this->upper_buf = buf;
759 this->upper_len = len;
761 gpmi_read_data(this);
764 static void gpmi_write_buf(struct mtd_info *mtd, const uint8_t *buf, int len)
766 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
767 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
769 pr_debug("len is %d\n", len);
770 this->upper_buf = (uint8_t *)buf;
771 this->upper_len = len;
773 gpmi_send_data(this);
776 static uint8_t gpmi_read_byte(struct mtd_info *mtd)
778 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
779 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
780 uint8_t *buf = this->data_buffer_dma;
782 gpmi_read_buf(mtd, buf, 1);
787 * Handles block mark swapping.
788 * It can be called in swapping the block mark, or swapping it back,
789 * because the the operations are the same.
791 static void block_mark_swapping(struct gpmi_nand_data *this,
792 void *payload, void *auxiliary)
794 struct bch_geometry *nfc_geo = &this->bch_geometry;
799 unsigned char from_data;
800 unsigned char from_oob;
802 if (!this->swap_block_mark)
806 * If control arrives here, we're swapping. Make some convenience
809 bit = nfc_geo->block_mark_bit_offset;
810 p = payload + nfc_geo->block_mark_byte_offset;
814 * Get the byte from the data area that overlays the block mark. Since
815 * the ECC engine applies its own view to the bits in the page, the
816 * physical block mark won't (in general) appear on a byte boundary in
819 from_data = (p[0] >> bit) | (p[1] << (8 - bit));
821 /* Get the byte from the OOB. */
827 mask = (0x1 << bit) - 1;
828 p[0] = (p[0] & mask) | (from_oob << bit);
831 p[1] = (p[1] & mask) | (from_oob >> (8 - bit));
834 static int gpmi_ecc_read_page(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_chip *chip,
835 uint8_t *buf, int oob_required, int page)
837 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
838 struct bch_geometry *nfc_geo = &this->bch_geometry;
840 dma_addr_t payload_phys;
841 void *auxiliary_virt;
842 dma_addr_t auxiliary_phys;
844 unsigned char *status;
846 unsigned int corrected;
849 pr_debug("page number is : %d\n", page);
850 ret = read_page_prepare(this, buf, mtd->writesize,
851 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
852 nfc_geo->payload_size,
853 &payload_virt, &payload_phys);
855 pr_err("Inadequate DMA buffer\n");
859 auxiliary_virt = this->auxiliary_virt;
860 auxiliary_phys = this->auxiliary_phys;
863 ret = gpmi_read_page(this, payload_phys, auxiliary_phys);
864 read_page_end(this, buf, mtd->writesize,
865 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
866 nfc_geo->payload_size,
867 payload_virt, payload_phys);
869 pr_err("Error in ECC-based read: %d\n", ret);
873 /* handle the block mark swapping */
874 block_mark_swapping(this, payload_virt, auxiliary_virt);
876 /* Loop over status bytes, accumulating ECC status. */
879 status = auxiliary_virt + nfc_geo->auxiliary_status_offset;
881 for (i = 0; i < nfc_geo->ecc_chunk_count; i++, status++) {
882 if ((*status == STATUS_GOOD) || (*status == STATUS_ERASED))
885 if (*status == STATUS_UNCORRECTABLE) {
889 corrected += *status;
893 * Propagate ECC status to the owning MTD only when failed or
894 * corrected times nearly reaches our ECC correction threshold.
896 if (failed || corrected >= (nfc_geo->ecc_strength - 1)) {
897 mtd->ecc_stats.failed += failed;
898 mtd->ecc_stats.corrected += corrected;
903 * It's time to deliver the OOB bytes. See gpmi_ecc_read_oob()
904 * for details about our policy for delivering the OOB.
906 * We fill the caller's buffer with set bits, and then copy the
907 * block mark to th caller's buffer. Note that, if block mark
908 * swapping was necessary, it has already been done, so we can
909 * rely on the first byte of the auxiliary buffer to contain
912 memset(chip->oob_poi, ~0, mtd->oobsize);
913 chip->oob_poi[0] = ((uint8_t *) auxiliary_virt)[0];
915 read_page_swap_end(this, buf, mtd->writesize,
916 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
917 nfc_geo->payload_size,
918 payload_virt, payload_phys);
924 static void gpmi_ecc_write_page(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_chip *chip,
925 const uint8_t *buf, int oob_required)
927 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
928 struct bch_geometry *nfc_geo = &this->bch_geometry;
929 const void *payload_virt;
930 dma_addr_t payload_phys;
931 const void *auxiliary_virt;
932 dma_addr_t auxiliary_phys;
935 pr_debug("ecc write page.\n");
936 if (this->swap_block_mark) {
938 * If control arrives here, we're doing block mark swapping.
939 * Since we can't modify the caller's buffers, we must copy them
942 memcpy(this->payload_virt, buf, mtd->writesize);
943 payload_virt = this->payload_virt;
944 payload_phys = this->payload_phys;
946 memcpy(this->auxiliary_virt, chip->oob_poi,
947 nfc_geo->auxiliary_size);
948 auxiliary_virt = this->auxiliary_virt;
949 auxiliary_phys = this->auxiliary_phys;
951 /* Handle block mark swapping. */
952 block_mark_swapping(this,
953 (void *) payload_virt, (void *) auxiliary_virt);
956 * If control arrives here, we're not doing block mark swapping,
957 * so we can to try and use the caller's buffers.
959 ret = send_page_prepare(this,
961 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
962 nfc_geo->payload_size,
963 &payload_virt, &payload_phys);
965 pr_err("Inadequate payload DMA buffer\n");
969 ret = send_page_prepare(this,
970 chip->oob_poi, mtd->oobsize,
971 this->auxiliary_virt, this->auxiliary_phys,
972 nfc_geo->auxiliary_size,
973 &auxiliary_virt, &auxiliary_phys);
975 pr_err("Inadequate auxiliary DMA buffer\n");
981 ret = gpmi_send_page(this, payload_phys, auxiliary_phys);
983 pr_err("Error in ECC-based write: %d\n", ret);
985 if (!this->swap_block_mark) {
986 send_page_end(this, chip->oob_poi, mtd->oobsize,
987 this->auxiliary_virt, this->auxiliary_phys,
988 nfc_geo->auxiliary_size,
989 auxiliary_virt, auxiliary_phys);
991 send_page_end(this, buf, mtd->writesize,
992 this->payload_virt, this->payload_phys,
993 nfc_geo->payload_size,
994 payload_virt, payload_phys);
999 * There are several places in this driver where we have to handle the OOB and
1000 * block marks. This is the function where things are the most complicated, so
1001 * this is where we try to explain it all. All the other places refer back to
1004 * These are the rules, in order of decreasing importance:
1006 * 1) Nothing the caller does can be allowed to imperil the block mark.
1008 * 2) In read operations, the first byte of the OOB we return must reflect the
1009 * true state of the block mark, no matter where that block mark appears in
1010 * the physical page.
1012 * 3) ECC-based read operations return an OOB full of set bits (since we never
1013 * allow ECC-based writes to the OOB, it doesn't matter what ECC-based reads
1016 * 4) "Raw" read operations return a direct view of the physical bytes in the
1017 * page, using the conventional definition of which bytes are data and which
1018 * are OOB. This gives the caller a way to see the actual, physical bytes
1019 * in the page, without the distortions applied by our ECC engine.
1022 * What we do for this specific read operation depends on two questions:
1024 * 1) Are we doing a "raw" read, or an ECC-based read?
1026 * 2) Are we using block mark swapping or transcription?
1028 * There are four cases, illustrated by the following Karnaugh map:
1030 * | Raw | ECC-based |
1031 * -------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
1032 * | Read the conventional | |
1033 * | OOB at the end of the | |
1034 * Swapping | page and return it. It | |
1035 * | contains exactly what | |
1036 * | we want. | Read the block mark and |
1037 * -------------+-------------------------+ return it in a buffer |
1038 * | Read the conventional | full of set bits. |
1039 * | OOB at the end of the | |
1040 * | page and also the block | |
1041 * Transcribing | mark in the metadata. | |
1042 * | Copy the block mark | |
1043 * | into the first byte of | |
1045 * -------------+-------------------------+-------------------------+
1047 * Note that we break rule #4 in the Transcribing/Raw case because we're not
1048 * giving an accurate view of the actual, physical bytes in the page (we're
1049 * overwriting the block mark). That's OK because it's more important to follow
1052 * It turns out that knowing whether we want an "ECC-based" or "raw" read is not
1053 * easy. When reading a page, for example, the NAND Flash MTD code calls our
1054 * ecc.read_page or ecc.read_page_raw function. Thus, the fact that MTD wants an
1055 * ECC-based or raw view of the page is implicit in which function it calls
1056 * (there is a similar pair of ECC-based/raw functions for writing).
1058 * Since MTD assumes the OOB is not covered by ECC, there is no pair of
1059 * ECC-based/raw functions for reading or or writing the OOB. The fact that the
1060 * caller wants an ECC-based or raw view of the page is not propagated down to
1063 static int gpmi_ecc_read_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_chip *chip,
1066 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
1068 pr_debug("page number is %d\n", page);
1069 /* clear the OOB buffer */
1070 memset(chip->oob_poi, ~0, mtd->oobsize);
1072 /* Read out the conventional OOB. */
1073 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, mtd->writesize, page);
1074 chip->read_buf(mtd, chip->oob_poi, mtd->oobsize);
1077 * Now, we want to make sure the block mark is correct. In the
1078 * Swapping/Raw case, we already have it. Otherwise, we need to
1079 * explicitly read it.
1081 if (!this->swap_block_mark) {
1082 /* Read the block mark into the first byte of the OOB buffer. */
1083 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, 0, page);
1084 chip->oob_poi[0] = chip->read_byte(mtd);
1091 gpmi_ecc_write_oob(struct mtd_info *mtd, struct nand_chip *chip, int page)
1094 * The BCH will use all the (page + oob).
1095 * Our gpmi_hw_ecclayout can only prohibit the JFFS2 to write the oob.
1096 * But it can not stop some ioctls such MEMWRITEOOB which uses
1097 * MTD_OPS_PLACE_OOB. So We have to implement this function to prohibit
1103 static int gpmi_block_markbad(struct mtd_info *mtd, loff_t ofs)
1105 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
1106 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
1108 uint8_t *block_mark;
1109 int column, page, status, chipnr;
1111 /* Get block number */
1112 block = (int)(ofs >> chip->bbt_erase_shift);
1114 chip->bbt[block >> 2] |= 0x01 << ((block & 0x03) << 1);
1116 /* Do we have a flash based bad block table ? */
1117 if (chip->bbt_options & NAND_BBT_USE_FLASH)
1118 ret = nand_update_bbt(mtd, ofs);
1120 chipnr = (int)(ofs >> chip->chip_shift);
1121 chip->select_chip(mtd, chipnr);
1123 column = this->swap_block_mark ? mtd->writesize : 0;
1125 /* Write the block mark. */
1126 block_mark = this->data_buffer_dma;
1127 block_mark[0] = 0; /* bad block marker */
1129 /* Shift to get page */
1130 page = (int)(ofs >> chip->page_shift);
1132 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_SEQIN, column, page);
1133 chip->write_buf(mtd, block_mark, 1);
1134 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_PAGEPROG, -1, -1);
1136 status = chip->waitfunc(mtd, chip);
1137 if (status & NAND_STATUS_FAIL)
1140 chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
1143 mtd->ecc_stats.badblocks++;
1148 static int nand_boot_set_geometry(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1150 struct boot_rom_geometry *geometry = &this->rom_geometry;
1153 * Set the boot block stride size.
1155 * In principle, we should be reading this from the OTP bits, since
1156 * that's where the ROM is going to get it. In fact, we don't have any
1157 * way to read the OTP bits, so we go with the default and hope for the
1160 geometry->stride_size_in_pages = 64;
1163 * Set the search area stride exponent.
1165 * In principle, we should be reading this from the OTP bits, since
1166 * that's where the ROM is going to get it. In fact, we don't have any
1167 * way to read the OTP bits, so we go with the default and hope for the
1170 geometry->search_area_stride_exponent = 2;
1174 static const char *fingerprint = "STMP";
1175 static int mx23_check_transcription_stamp(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1177 struct boot_rom_geometry *rom_geo = &this->rom_geometry;
1178 struct device *dev = this->dev;
1179 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
1180 struct nand_chip *chip = &this->nand;
1181 unsigned int search_area_size_in_strides;
1182 unsigned int stride;
1185 uint8_t *buffer = chip->buffers->databuf;
1186 int saved_chip_number;
1187 int found_an_ncb_fingerprint = false;
1189 /* Compute the number of strides in a search area. */
1190 search_area_size_in_strides = 1 << rom_geo->search_area_stride_exponent;
1192 saved_chip_number = this->current_chip;
1193 chip->select_chip(mtd, 0);
1196 * Loop through the first search area, looking for the NCB fingerprint.
1198 dev_dbg(dev, "Scanning for an NCB fingerprint...\n");
1200 for (stride = 0; stride < search_area_size_in_strides; stride++) {
1201 /* Compute the page and byte addresses. */
1202 page = stride * rom_geo->stride_size_in_pages;
1203 byte = page * mtd->writesize;
1205 dev_dbg(dev, "Looking for a fingerprint in page 0x%x\n", page);
1208 * Read the NCB fingerprint. The fingerprint is four bytes long
1209 * and starts in the 12th byte of the page.
1211 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, 12, page);
1212 chip->read_buf(mtd, buffer, strlen(fingerprint));
1214 /* Look for the fingerprint. */
1215 if (!memcmp(buffer, fingerprint, strlen(fingerprint))) {
1216 found_an_ncb_fingerprint = true;
1222 chip->select_chip(mtd, saved_chip_number);
1224 if (found_an_ncb_fingerprint)
1225 dev_dbg(dev, "\tFound a fingerprint\n");
1227 dev_dbg(dev, "\tNo fingerprint found\n");
1228 return found_an_ncb_fingerprint;
1231 /* Writes a transcription stamp. */
1232 static int mx23_write_transcription_stamp(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1234 struct device *dev = this->dev;
1235 struct boot_rom_geometry *rom_geo = &this->rom_geometry;
1236 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
1237 struct nand_chip *chip = &this->nand;
1238 unsigned int block_size_in_pages;
1239 unsigned int search_area_size_in_strides;
1240 unsigned int search_area_size_in_pages;
1241 unsigned int search_area_size_in_blocks;
1243 unsigned int stride;
1246 uint8_t *buffer = chip->buffers->databuf;
1247 int saved_chip_number;
1250 /* Compute the search area geometry. */
1251 block_size_in_pages = mtd->erasesize / mtd->writesize;
1252 search_area_size_in_strides = 1 << rom_geo->search_area_stride_exponent;
1253 search_area_size_in_pages = search_area_size_in_strides *
1254 rom_geo->stride_size_in_pages;
1255 search_area_size_in_blocks =
1256 (search_area_size_in_pages + (block_size_in_pages - 1)) /
1257 block_size_in_pages;
1259 dev_dbg(dev, "Search Area Geometry :\n");
1260 dev_dbg(dev, "\tin Blocks : %u\n", search_area_size_in_blocks);
1261 dev_dbg(dev, "\tin Strides: %u\n", search_area_size_in_strides);
1262 dev_dbg(dev, "\tin Pages : %u\n", search_area_size_in_pages);
1264 /* Select chip 0. */
1265 saved_chip_number = this->current_chip;
1266 chip->select_chip(mtd, 0);
1268 /* Loop over blocks in the first search area, erasing them. */
1269 dev_dbg(dev, "Erasing the search area...\n");
1271 for (block = 0; block < search_area_size_in_blocks; block++) {
1272 /* Compute the page address. */
1273 page = block * block_size_in_pages;
1275 /* Erase this block. */
1276 dev_dbg(dev, "\tErasing block 0x%x\n", block);
1277 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_ERASE1, -1, page);
1278 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_ERASE2, -1, -1);
1280 /* Wait for the erase to finish. */
1281 status = chip->waitfunc(mtd, chip);
1282 if (status & NAND_STATUS_FAIL)
1283 dev_err(dev, "[%s] Erase failed.\n", __func__);
1286 /* Write the NCB fingerprint into the page buffer. */
1287 memset(buffer, ~0, mtd->writesize);
1288 memset(chip->oob_poi, ~0, mtd->oobsize);
1289 memcpy(buffer + 12, fingerprint, strlen(fingerprint));
1291 /* Loop through the first search area, writing NCB fingerprints. */
1292 dev_dbg(dev, "Writing NCB fingerprints...\n");
1293 for (stride = 0; stride < search_area_size_in_strides; stride++) {
1294 /* Compute the page and byte addresses. */
1295 page = stride * rom_geo->stride_size_in_pages;
1296 byte = page * mtd->writesize;
1298 /* Write the first page of the current stride. */
1299 dev_dbg(dev, "Writing an NCB fingerprint in page 0x%x\n", page);
1300 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_SEQIN, 0x00, page);
1301 chip->ecc.write_page_raw(mtd, chip, buffer, 0);
1302 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_PAGEPROG, -1, -1);
1304 /* Wait for the write to finish. */
1305 status = chip->waitfunc(mtd, chip);
1306 if (status & NAND_STATUS_FAIL)
1307 dev_err(dev, "[%s] Write failed.\n", __func__);
1310 /* Deselect chip 0. */
1311 chip->select_chip(mtd, saved_chip_number);
1315 static int mx23_boot_init(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1317 struct device *dev = this->dev;
1318 struct nand_chip *chip = &this->nand;
1319 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
1320 unsigned int block_count;
1329 * If control arrives here, we can't use block mark swapping, which
1330 * means we're forced to use transcription. First, scan for the
1331 * transcription stamp. If we find it, then we don't have to do
1332 * anything -- the block marks are already transcribed.
1334 if (mx23_check_transcription_stamp(this))
1338 * If control arrives here, we couldn't find a transcription stamp, so
1339 * so we presume the block marks are in the conventional location.
1341 dev_dbg(dev, "Transcribing bad block marks...\n");
1343 /* Compute the number of blocks in the entire medium. */
1344 block_count = chip->chipsize >> chip->phys_erase_shift;
1347 * Loop over all the blocks in the medium, transcribing block marks as
1350 for (block = 0; block < block_count; block++) {
1352 * Compute the chip, page and byte addresses for this block's
1353 * conventional mark.
1355 chipnr = block >> (chip->chip_shift - chip->phys_erase_shift);
1356 page = block << (chip->phys_erase_shift - chip->page_shift);
1357 byte = block << chip->phys_erase_shift;
1359 /* Send the command to read the conventional block mark. */
1360 chip->select_chip(mtd, chipnr);
1361 chip->cmdfunc(mtd, NAND_CMD_READ0, mtd->writesize, page);
1362 block_mark = chip->read_byte(mtd);
1363 chip->select_chip(mtd, -1);
1366 * Check if the block is marked bad. If so, we need to mark it
1367 * again, but this time the result will be a mark in the
1368 * location where we transcribe block marks.
1370 if (block_mark != 0xff) {
1371 dev_dbg(dev, "Transcribing mark in block %u\n", block);
1372 ret = chip->block_markbad(mtd, byte);
1374 dev_err(dev, "Failed to mark block bad with "
1379 /* Write the stamp that indicates we've transcribed the block marks. */
1380 mx23_write_transcription_stamp(this);
1384 static int nand_boot_init(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1386 nand_boot_set_geometry(this);
1388 /* This is ROM arch-specific initilization before the BBT scanning. */
1389 if (GPMI_IS_MX23(this))
1390 return mx23_boot_init(this);
1394 static int gpmi_set_geometry(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1398 /* Free the temporary DMA memory for reading ID. */
1399 gpmi_free_dma_buffer(this);
1401 /* Set up the NFC geometry which is used by BCH. */
1402 ret = bch_set_geometry(this);
1404 pr_err("set geometry ret : %d\n", ret);
1408 /* Alloc the new DMA buffers according to the pagesize and oobsize */
1409 return gpmi_alloc_dma_buffer(this);
1412 static int gpmi_pre_bbt_scan(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1416 /* Set up swap_block_mark, must be set before the gpmi_set_geometry() */
1417 if (GPMI_IS_MX23(this))
1418 this->swap_block_mark = false;
1420 this->swap_block_mark = true;
1422 /* Set up the medium geometry */
1423 ret = gpmi_set_geometry(this);
1427 /* Adjust the ECC strength according to the chip. */
1428 this->nand.ecc.strength = this->bch_geometry.ecc_strength;
1429 this->mtd.ecc_strength = this->bch_geometry.ecc_strength;
1431 /* NAND boot init, depends on the gpmi_set_geometry(). */
1432 return nand_boot_init(this);
1435 static int gpmi_scan_bbt(struct mtd_info *mtd)
1437 struct nand_chip *chip = mtd->priv;
1438 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = chip->priv;
1441 /* Prepare for the BBT scan. */
1442 ret = gpmi_pre_bbt_scan(this);
1446 /* use the default BBT implementation */
1447 return nand_default_bbt(mtd);
1450 void gpmi_nfc_exit(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1452 nand_release(&this->mtd);
1453 gpmi_free_dma_buffer(this);
1456 static int __devinit gpmi_nfc_init(struct gpmi_nand_data *this)
1458 struct mtd_info *mtd = &this->mtd;
1459 struct nand_chip *chip = &this->nand;
1460 struct mtd_part_parser_data ppdata = {};
1463 /* init current chip */
1464 this->current_chip = -1;
1466 /* init the MTD data structures */
1468 mtd->name = "gpmi-nand";
1469 mtd->owner = THIS_MODULE;
1471 /* init the nand_chip{}, we don't support a 16-bit NAND Flash bus. */
1473 chip->select_chip = gpmi_select_chip;
1474 chip->cmd_ctrl = gpmi_cmd_ctrl;
1475 chip->dev_ready = gpmi_dev_ready;
1476 chip->read_byte = gpmi_read_byte;
1477 chip->read_buf = gpmi_read_buf;
1478 chip->write_buf = gpmi_write_buf;
1479 chip->ecc.read_page = gpmi_ecc_read_page;
1480 chip->ecc.write_page = gpmi_ecc_write_page;
1481 chip->ecc.read_oob = gpmi_ecc_read_oob;
1482 chip->ecc.write_oob = gpmi_ecc_write_oob;
1483 chip->scan_bbt = gpmi_scan_bbt;
1484 chip->badblock_pattern = &gpmi_bbt_descr;
1485 chip->block_markbad = gpmi_block_markbad;
1486 chip->options |= NAND_NO_SUBPAGE_WRITE;
1487 chip->ecc.mode = NAND_ECC_HW;
1489 chip->ecc.strength = 8;
1490 chip->ecc.layout = &gpmi_hw_ecclayout;
1492 /* Allocate a temporary DMA buffer for reading ID in the nand_scan() */
1493 this->bch_geometry.payload_size = 1024;
1494 this->bch_geometry.auxiliary_size = 128;
1495 ret = gpmi_alloc_dma_buffer(this);
1499 ret = nand_scan(mtd, 1);
1501 pr_err("Chip scan failed\n");
1505 ppdata.of_node = this->pdev->dev.of_node;
1506 ret = mtd_device_parse_register(mtd, NULL, &ppdata, NULL, 0);
1512 gpmi_nfc_exit(this);
1516 static const struct platform_device_id gpmi_ids[] = {
1517 { .name = "imx23-gpmi-nand", .driver_data = IS_MX23, },
1518 { .name = "imx28-gpmi-nand", .driver_data = IS_MX28, },
1519 { .name = "imx6q-gpmi-nand", .driver_data = IS_MX6Q, },
1523 static const struct of_device_id gpmi_nand_id_table[] = {
1525 .compatible = "fsl,imx23-gpmi-nand",
1526 .data = (void *)&gpmi_ids[IS_MX23]
1528 .compatible = "fsl,imx28-gpmi-nand",
1529 .data = (void *)&gpmi_ids[IS_MX28]
1531 .compatible = "fsl,imx6q-gpmi-nand",
1532 .data = (void *)&gpmi_ids[IS_MX6Q]
1535 MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(of, gpmi_nand_id_table);
1537 static int __devinit gpmi_nand_probe(struct platform_device *pdev)
1539 struct gpmi_nand_data *this;
1540 const struct of_device_id *of_id;
1543 of_id = of_match_device(gpmi_nand_id_table, &pdev->dev);
1545 pdev->id_entry = of_id->data;
1547 pr_err("Failed to find the right device id.\n");
1551 this = kzalloc(sizeof(*this), GFP_KERNEL);
1553 pr_err("Failed to allocate per-device memory\n");
1557 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, this);
1559 this->dev = &pdev->dev;
1561 ret = acquire_resources(this);
1563 goto exit_acquire_resources;
1565 ret = init_hardware(this);
1569 ret = gpmi_nfc_init(this);
1576 release_resources(this);
1577 exit_acquire_resources:
1578 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, NULL);
1583 static int __exit gpmi_nand_remove(struct platform_device *pdev)
1585 struct gpmi_nand_data *this = platform_get_drvdata(pdev);
1587 gpmi_nfc_exit(this);
1588 release_resources(this);
1589 platform_set_drvdata(pdev, NULL);
1594 static struct platform_driver gpmi_nand_driver = {
1596 .name = "gpmi-nand",
1597 .of_match_table = gpmi_nand_id_table,
1599 .probe = gpmi_nand_probe,
1600 .remove = __exit_p(gpmi_nand_remove),
1601 .id_table = gpmi_ids,
1604 static int __init gpmi_nand_init(void)
1608 err = platform_driver_register(&gpmi_nand_driver);
1610 printk(KERN_INFO "GPMI NAND driver registered. (IMX)\n");
1612 pr_err("i.MX GPMI NAND driver registration failed\n");
1616 static void __exit gpmi_nand_exit(void)
1618 platform_driver_unregister(&gpmi_nand_driver);
1621 module_init(gpmi_nand_init);
1622 module_exit(gpmi_nand_exit);
1624 MODULE_AUTHOR("Freescale Semiconductor, Inc.");
1625 MODULE_DESCRIPTION("i.MX GPMI NAND Flash Controller Driver");
1626 MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");