ofproto-dpif: Always un-wildcard 'dl_type'.
[cascardo/ovs.git] / ofproto / ofproto-dpif.c
index 6ec1c23..2f2b8e7 100644 (file)
@@ -66,6 +66,7 @@ COVERAGE_DEFINE(facet_changed_rule);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(facet_revalidate);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(facet_unexpected);
 COVERAGE_DEFINE(facet_suppress);
+COVERAGE_DEFINE(subfacet_install_fail);
 
 /* Maximum depth of flow table recursion (due to resubmit actions) in a
  * flow translation. */
@@ -111,16 +112,18 @@ static struct rule_dpif *rule_dpif_cast(const struct rule *rule)
 }
 
 static struct rule_dpif *rule_dpif_lookup(struct ofproto_dpif *,
-                                          const struct flow *);
+                                          const struct flow *,
+                                          struct flow_wildcards *wc);
 static struct rule_dpif *rule_dpif_lookup__(struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                             const struct flow *,
+                                            struct flow_wildcards *wc,
                                             uint8_t table);
 static struct rule_dpif *rule_dpif_miss_rule(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
                                              const struct flow *flow);
 
+static void rule_get_stats(struct rule *, uint64_t *packets, uint64_t *bytes);
 static void rule_credit_stats(struct rule_dpif *,
                               const struct dpif_flow_stats *);
-static void flow_push_stats(struct facet *, const struct dpif_flow_stats *);
 static tag_type rule_calculate_tag(const struct flow *,
                                    const struct minimask *, uint32_t basis);
 static void rule_invalidate(const struct rule_dpif *);
@@ -207,20 +210,56 @@ static int set_stp_port(struct ofport *,
 
 static bool ofbundle_includes_vlan(const struct ofbundle *, uint16_t vlan);
 
-struct action_xlate_ctx {
-/* action_xlate_ctx_init() initializes these members. */
+struct xlate_ctx;
 
-    /* The ofproto. */
+/* Initial values of fields of the packet that may be changed during
+ * flow processing and needed later. */
+struct initial_vals {
+   /* This is the value of vlan_tci in the packet as actually received from
+    * dpif.  This is the same as the facet's flow.vlan_tci unless the packet
+    * was received via a VLAN splinter.  In that case, this value is 0
+    * (because the packet as actually received from the dpif had no 802.1Q
+    * tag) but the facet's flow.vlan_tci is set to the VLAN that the splinter
+    * represents.
+    *
+    * This member should be removed when the VLAN splinters feature is no
+    * longer needed. */
+    ovs_be16 vlan_tci;
+
+    /* If received on a tunnel, the IP TOS value of the tunnel. */
+    uint8_t tunnel_ip_tos;
+};
+
+struct xlate_out {
+    /* Wildcards relevant in translation.  Any fields that were used to
+     * calculate the action must be set for caching and kernel
+     * wildcarding to work.  For example, if the flow lookup involved
+     * performing the "normal" action on IPv4 and ARP packets, 'wc'
+     * would have the 'in_port' (always set), 'dl_type' (flow match),
+     * 'vlan_tci' (normal action), and 'dl_dst' (normal action) fields
+     * set. */
+    struct flow_wildcards wc;
+
+    tag_type tags;              /* Tags associated with actions. */
+    enum slow_path_reason slow; /* 0 if fast path may be used. */
+    bool has_learn;             /* Actions include NXAST_LEARN? */
+    bool has_normal;            /* Actions output to OFPP_NORMAL? */
+    bool has_fin_timeout;       /* Actions include NXAST_FIN_TIMEOUT? */
+    uint16_t nf_output_iface;   /* Output interface index for NetFlow. */
+    mirror_mask_t mirrors;      /* Bitmap of associated mirrors. */
+
+    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[256 / 8];
+    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
+};
+
+struct xlate_in {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
 
     /* Flow to which the OpenFlow actions apply.  xlate_actions() will modify
      * this flow when actions change header fields. */
     struct flow flow;
 
-    /* stack for the push and pop actions.
-     * Each stack element is of the type "union mf_subvalue". */
-    struct ofpbuf stack;
-    union mf_subvalue init_stack[1024 / sizeof(union mf_subvalue)];
+    struct initial_vals initial_vals;
 
     /* The packet corresponding to 'flow', or a null pointer if we are
      * revalidating without a packet to refer to. */
@@ -234,9 +273,13 @@ struct action_xlate_ctx {
      * not if we are just revalidating. */
     bool may_learn;
 
-    /* The rule that we are currently translating, or NULL. */
+    /* The rule initiating translation or NULL. */
     struct rule_dpif *rule;
 
+    /* The actions to translate.  If 'rule' is not NULL, these may be NULL. */
+    const struct ofpact *ofpacts;
+    size_t ofpacts_len;
+
     /* Union of the set of TCP flags seen so far in this flow.  (Used only by
      * NXAST_FIN_TIMEOUT.  Set to zero to avoid updating updating rules'
      * timeouts.) */
@@ -250,39 +293,42 @@ struct action_xlate_ctx {
      * resubmit or OFPP_TABLE action didn't find a matching rule.
      *
      * This is normally null so the client has to set it manually after
-     * calling action_xlate_ctx_init(). */
-    void (*resubmit_hook)(struct action_xlate_ctx *, struct rule_dpif *rule);
+     * calling xlate_in_init(). */
+    void (*resubmit_hook)(struct xlate_ctx *, struct rule_dpif *rule);
 
     /* If nonnull, flow translation calls this function to report some
      * significant decision, e.g. to explain why OFPP_NORMAL translation
      * dropped a packet. */
-    void (*report_hook)(struct action_xlate_ctx *, const char *s);
+    void (*report_hook)(struct xlate_ctx *, const char *s);
 
     /* If nonnull, flow translation credits the specified statistics to each
      * rule reached through a resubmit or OFPP_TABLE action.
      *
      * This is normally null so the client has to set it manually after
-     * calling action_xlate_ctx_init(). */
+     * calling xlate_in_init(). */
     const struct dpif_flow_stats *resubmit_stats;
+};
 
-/* xlate_actions() initializes and uses these members.  The client might want
- * to look at them after it returns. */
+/* Context used by xlate_actions() and its callees. */
+struct xlate_ctx {
+    struct xlate_in *xin;
+    struct xlate_out *xout;
 
-    struct ofpbuf *odp_actions; /* Datapath actions. */
-    tag_type tags;              /* Tags associated with actions. */
-    enum slow_path_reason slow; /* 0 if fast path may be used. */
-    bool has_learn;             /* Actions include NXAST_LEARN? */
-    bool has_normal;            /* Actions output to OFPP_NORMAL? */
-    bool has_fin_timeout;       /* Actions include NXAST_FIN_TIMEOUT? */
-    uint16_t nf_output_iface;   /* Output interface index for NetFlow. */
-    mirror_mask_t mirrors;      /* Bitmap of associated mirrors. */
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+
+    /* Flow at the last commit. */
+    struct flow base_flow;
 
-/* xlate_actions() initializes and uses these members, but the client has no
- * reason to look at them. */
+    /* Stack for the push and pop actions.  Each stack element is of type
+     * "union mf_subvalue". */
+    union mf_subvalue init_stack[1024 / sizeof(union mf_subvalue)];
+    struct ofpbuf stack;
+
+    /* The rule that we are currently translating, or NULL. */
+    struct rule_dpif *rule;
 
     int recurse;                /* Recursion level, via xlate_table_action. */
     bool max_resubmit_trigger;  /* Recursed too deeply during translation. */
-    struct flow base_flow;      /* Flow at the last commit. */
     uint32_t orig_skb_priority; /* Priority when packet arrived. */
     uint8_t table_id;           /* OpenFlow table ID where flow was found. */
     uint32_t sflow_n_outputs;   /* Number of output ports. */
@@ -291,36 +337,18 @@ struct action_xlate_ctx {
     bool exit;                  /* No further actions should be processed. */
 };
 
-/* Initial values of fields of the packet that may be changed during
- * flow processing and needed later. */
-struct initial_vals {
-   /* This is the value of vlan_tci in the packet as actually received from
-    * dpif.  This is the same as the facet's flow.vlan_tci unless the packet
-    * was received via a VLAN splinter.  In that case, this value is 0
-    * (because the packet as actually received from the dpif had no 802.1Q
-    * tag) but the facet's flow.vlan_tci is set to the VLAN that the splinter
-    * represents.
-    *
-    * This member should be removed when the VLAN splinters feature is no
-    * longer needed. */
-    ovs_be16 vlan_tci;
+static void xlate_in_init(struct xlate_in *, struct ofproto_dpif *,
+                          const struct flow *, const struct initial_vals *,
+                          struct rule_dpif *, uint8_t tcp_flags,
+                          const struct ofpbuf *);
 
-    /* If received on a tunnel, the IP TOS value of the tunnel. */
-    uint8_t tunnel_ip_tos;
-};
+static void xlate_out_uninit(struct xlate_out *);
+
+static void xlate_actions(struct xlate_in *, struct xlate_out *);
+
+static void xlate_actions_for_side_effects(struct xlate_in *);
 
-static void action_xlate_ctx_init(struct action_xlate_ctx *,
-                                  struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
-                                  const struct initial_vals *initial_vals,
-                                  struct rule_dpif *,
-                                  uint8_t tcp_flags, const struct ofpbuf *);
-static void xlate_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *,
-                          const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
-                          struct ofpbuf *odp_actions);
-static void xlate_actions_for_side_effects(struct action_xlate_ctx *,
-                                           const struct ofpact *ofpacts,
-                                           size_t ofpacts_len);
-static void xlate_table_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *, uint16_t in_port,
+static void xlate_table_action(struct xlate_ctx *, uint16_t in_port,
                                uint8_t table_id, bool may_packet_in);
 
 static size_t put_userspace_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
@@ -335,7 +363,9 @@ static void compose_slow_path(const struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
                               const struct nlattr **actionsp,
                               size_t *actions_lenp);
 
-static void xlate_report(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s);
+static void xlate_report(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s);
+
+static void xlate_out_copy(struct xlate_out *dst, const struct xlate_out *src);
 
 /* A subfacet (see "struct subfacet" below) has three possible installation
  * states:
@@ -356,8 +386,6 @@ enum subfacet_path {
     SF_SLOW_PATH,               /* Send-to-userspace action is installed. */
 };
 
-static const char *subfacet_path_to_string(enum subfacet_path);
-
 /* A dpif flow and actions associated with a facet.
  *
  * See also the large comment on struct facet. */
@@ -377,19 +405,8 @@ struct subfacet {
     uint64_t dp_packet_count;   /* Last known packet count in the datapath. */
     uint64_t dp_byte_count;     /* Last known byte count in the datapath. */
 
-    /* Datapath actions.
-     *
-     * These should be essentially identical for every subfacet in a facet, but
-     * may differ in trivial ways due to VLAN splinters. */
-    size_t actions_len;         /* Number of bytes in actions[]. */
-    struct nlattr *actions;     /* Datapath actions. */
-
-    enum slow_path_reason slow; /* 0 if fast path may be used. */
     enum subfacet_path path;    /* Installed in datapath? */
 
-    /* Initial values of the packet that may be needed later. */
-    struct initial_vals initial_vals;
-
     /* Datapath port the packet arrived on.  This is needed to remove
      * flows for ports that are no longer part of the bridge.  Since the
      * flow definition only has the OpenFlow port number and the port is
@@ -411,33 +428,33 @@ static void subfacet_destroy_batch(struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                    struct subfacet **, int n);
 static void subfacet_reset_dp_stats(struct subfacet *,
                                     struct dpif_flow_stats *);
-static void subfacet_update_time(struct subfacet *, long long int used);
 static void subfacet_update_stats(struct subfacet *,
                                   const struct dpif_flow_stats *);
-static void subfacet_make_actions(struct subfacet *,
-                                  const struct ofpbuf *packet,
-                                  struct ofpbuf *odp_actions);
 static int subfacet_install(struct subfacet *,
-                            const struct nlattr *actions, size_t actions_len,
-                            struct dpif_flow_stats *, enum slow_path_reason);
+                            const struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
+                            struct dpif_flow_stats *);
 static void subfacet_uninstall(struct subfacet *);
 
-static enum subfacet_path subfacet_want_path(enum slow_path_reason);
-
-/* An exact-match instantiation of an OpenFlow flow.
+/* A unique, non-overlapping instantiation of an OpenFlow flow.
  *
  * A facet associates a "struct flow", which represents the Open vSwitch
- * userspace idea of an exact-match flow, with one or more subfacets.  Each
- * subfacet tracks the datapath's idea of the exact-match flow equivalent to
- * the facet.  When the kernel module (or other dpif implementation) and Open
- * vSwitch userspace agree on the definition of a flow key, there is exactly
- * one subfacet per facet.  If the dpif implementation supports more-specific
- * flow matching than userspace, however, a facet can have more than one
- * subfacet, each of which corresponds to some distinction in flow that
- * userspace simply doesn't understand.
+ * userspace idea of an exact-match flow, with one or more subfacets.
+ * While the facet is created based on an exact-match flow, it is stored
+ * within the ofproto based on the wildcards that could be expressed
+ * based on the flow table and other configuration.  (See the 'wc'
+ * description in "struct xlate_out" for more details.)
+ *
+ * Each subfacet tracks the datapath's idea of the flow equivalent to
+ * the facet.  When the kernel module (or other dpif implementation) and
+ * Open vSwitch userspace agree on the definition of a flow key, there
+ * is exactly one subfacet per facet.  If the dpif implementation
+ * supports more-specific flow matching than userspace, however, a facet
+ * can have more than one subfacet.  Examples include the dpif
+ * implementation not supporting the same wildcards as userspace or some
+ * distinction in flow that userspace simply doesn't understand.
  *
- * Flow expiration works in terms of subfacets, so a facet must have at least
- * one subfacet or it will never expire, leaking memory. */
+ * Flow expiration works in terms of subfacets, so a facet must have at
+ * least one subfacet or it will never expire, leaking memory. */
 struct facet {
     /* Owners. */
     struct hmap_node hmap_node;  /* In owning ofproto's 'facets' hmap. */
@@ -449,7 +466,8 @@ struct facet {
     long long int used;         /* Time last used; time created if not used. */
 
     /* Key. */
-    struct flow flow;
+    struct flow flow;           /* Flow of the creating subfacet. */
+    struct cls_rule cr;         /* In 'ofproto_dpif's facets classifier. */
 
     /* These statistics:
      *
@@ -476,17 +494,10 @@ struct facet {
     struct netflow_flow nf_flow; /* Per-flow NetFlow tracking data. */
     uint8_t tcp_flags;           /* TCP flags seen for this 'rule'. */
 
-    /* Properties of datapath actions.
-     *
-     * Every subfacet has its own actions because actions can differ slightly
-     * between splintered and non-splintered subfacets due to the VLAN tag
-     * being initially different (present vs. absent).  All of them have these
-     * properties in common so we just store one copy of them here. */
-    bool has_learn;              /* Actions include NXAST_LEARN? */
-    bool has_normal;             /* Actions output to OFPP_NORMAL? */
-    bool has_fin_timeout;        /* Actions include NXAST_FIN_TIMEOUT? */
-    tag_type tags;               /* Tags that would require revalidation. */
-    mirror_mask_t mirrors;       /* Bitmap of dependent mirrors. */
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+
+    /* Initial values of the packet that may be needed later. */
+    struct initial_vals initial_vals;
 
     /* Storage for a single subfacet, to reduce malloc() time and space
      * overhead.  (A facet always has at least one subfacet and in the common
@@ -498,29 +509,26 @@ struct facet {
     long long int learn_rl;      /* Rate limiter for facet_learn(). */
 };
 
-static struct facet *facet_create(struct rule_dpif *,
-                                  const struct flow *, uint32_t hash);
+static struct facet *facet_create(const struct flow_miss *, struct rule_dpif *,
+                                  struct xlate_out *,
+                                  struct dpif_flow_stats *);
 static void facet_remove(struct facet *);
 static void facet_free(struct facet *);
 
-static struct facet *facet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *,
-                                const struct flow *, uint32_t hash);
+static struct facet *facet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *);
 static struct facet *facet_lookup_valid(struct ofproto_dpif *,
-                                        const struct flow *, uint32_t hash);
-static void facet_revalidate(struct facet *);
+                                        const struct flow *);
+static bool facet_revalidate(struct facet *);
 static bool facet_check_consistency(struct facet *);
 
 static void facet_flush_stats(struct facet *);
 
-static void facet_update_time(struct facet *, long long int used);
 static void facet_reset_counters(struct facet *);
-static void facet_push_stats(struct facet *);
+static void facet_push_stats(struct facet *, bool may_learn);
 static void facet_learn(struct facet *);
 static void facet_account(struct facet *);
 static void push_all_stats(void);
 
-static struct subfacet *facet_get_subfacet(struct facet *);
-
 static bool facet_is_controller_flow(struct facet *);
 
 struct ofport_dpif {
@@ -577,8 +585,9 @@ struct vlan_splinter {
     int vid;
 };
 
-static uint32_t vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
-                                       uint32_t realdev, ovs_be16 vlan_tci);
+static uint16_t vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
+                                       uint16_t realdev_ofp_port,
+                                       ovs_be16 vlan_tci);
 static bool vsp_adjust_flow(const struct ofproto_dpif *, struct flow *);
 static void vsp_remove(struct ofport_dpif *);
 static void vsp_add(struct ofport_dpif *, uint16_t realdev_ofp_port, int vid);
@@ -663,6 +672,7 @@ struct dpif_backer {
     struct tag_set revalidate_set; /* Revalidate only matching facets. */
 
     struct hmap drop_keys; /* Set of dropped odp keys. */
+    bool recv_set_enable; /* Enables or disables receiving packets. */
 };
 
 /* All existing ofproto_backer instances, indexed by ofproto->up.type. */
@@ -690,9 +700,7 @@ struct ofproto_dpif {
     /* Special OpenFlow rules. */
     struct rule_dpif *miss_rule; /* Sends flow table misses to controller. */
     struct rule_dpif *no_packet_in_rule; /* Drops flow table misses. */
-
-    /* Statistics. */
-    uint64_t n_matches;
+    struct rule_dpif *drop_frags_rule; /* Used in OFPC_FRAG_DROP mode. */
 
     /* Bridging. */
     struct netflow *netflow;
@@ -705,7 +713,7 @@ struct ofproto_dpif {
     bool has_bonded_bundles;
 
     /* Facets. */
-    struct hmap facets;
+    struct classifier facets;     /* Contains 'struct facet's. */
     struct hmap subfacets;
     struct governor *governor;
     long long int consistency_rl;
@@ -805,8 +813,8 @@ static void ofproto_trace(struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
                           const struct initial_vals *, struct ds *);
 
 /* Packet processing. */
-static void update_learning_table(struct ofproto_dpif *,
-                                  const struct flow *, int vlan,
+static void update_learning_table(struct ofproto_dpif *, const struct flow *,
+                                  struct flow_wildcards *, int vlan,
                                   struct ofbundle *);
 /* Upcalls. */
 #define FLOW_MISS_MAX_BATCH 50
@@ -826,7 +834,7 @@ static size_t compose_sflow_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
 static void compose_ipfix_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *,
                                  struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
                                  const struct flow *);
-static void add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+static void add_mirror_actions(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                                const struct flow *flow);
 /* Global variables. */
 static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
@@ -939,6 +947,21 @@ type_run(const char *type)
         push_all_stats();
     }
 
+    /* If vswitchd started with other_config:flow_restore_wait set as "true",
+     * and the configuration has now changed to "false", enable receiving
+     * packets from the datapath. */
+    if (!backer->recv_set_enable && !ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait()) {
+        backer->recv_set_enable = true;
+
+        error = dpif_recv_set(backer->dpif, backer->recv_set_enable);
+        if (error) {
+            VLOG_ERR("Failed to enable receiving packets in dpif.");
+            return error;
+        }
+        dpif_flow_flush(backer->dpif);
+        backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
+    }
+
     if (backer->need_revalidate
         || !tag_set_is_empty(&backer->revalidate_set)) {
         struct tag_set revalidate_set = backer->revalidate_set;
@@ -1017,14 +1040,16 @@ type_run(const char *type)
 
         HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
             struct facet *facet, *next;
+            struct cls_cursor cursor;
 
             if (ofproto->backer != backer) {
                 continue;
             }
 
-            HMAP_FOR_EACH_SAFE (facet, next, hmap_node, &ofproto->facets) {
+            cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
+            CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH_SAFE (facet, next, cr, &cursor) {
                 if (need_revalidate
-                    || tag_set_intersects(&revalidate_set, facet->tags)) {
+                    || tag_set_intersects(&revalidate_set, facet->xout.tags)) {
                     facet_revalidate(facet);
                     run_fast_rl();
                 }
@@ -1032,7 +1057,10 @@ type_run(const char *type)
         }
     }
 
-    if (timer_expired(&backer->next_expiration)) {
+    if (!backer->recv_set_enable) {
+        /* Wake up before a max of 1000ms. */
+        timer_set_duration(&backer->next_expiration, 1000);
+    } else if (timer_expired(&backer->next_expiration)) {
         int delay = expire(backer);
         timer_set_duration(&backer->next_expiration, delay);
     }
@@ -1098,6 +1126,11 @@ dpif_backer_run_fast(struct dpif_backer *backer, int max_batch)
 {
     unsigned int work;
 
+    /* If recv_set_enable is false, we should not handle upcalls. */
+    if (!backer->recv_set_enable) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     /* Handle one or more batches of upcalls, until there's nothing left to do
      * or until we do a fixed total amount of work.
      *
@@ -1297,9 +1330,12 @@ open_dpif_backer(const char *type, struct dpif_backer **backerp)
     backer->need_revalidate = 0;
     simap_init(&backer->tnl_backers);
     tag_set_init(&backer->revalidate_set);
+    backer->recv_set_enable = !ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait();
     *backerp = backer;
 
-    dpif_flow_flush(backer->dpif);
+    if (backer->recv_set_enable) {
+        dpif_flow_flush(backer->dpif);
+    }
 
     /* Loop through the ports already on the datapath and remove any
      * that we don't need anymore. */
@@ -1323,7 +1359,7 @@ open_dpif_backer(const char *type, struct dpif_backer **backerp)
 
     shash_add(&all_dpif_backers, type, backer);
 
-    error = dpif_recv_set(backer->dpif, true);
+    error = dpif_recv_set(backer->dpif, backer->recv_set_enable);
     if (error) {
         VLOG_ERR("failed to listen on datapath of type %s: %s",
                  type, strerror(error));
@@ -1351,8 +1387,6 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     max_ports = dpif_get_max_ports(ofproto->backer->dpif);
     ofproto_init_max_ports(ofproto_, MIN(max_ports, OFPP_MAX));
 
-    ofproto->n_matches = 0;
-
     ofproto->netflow = NULL;
     ofproto->sflow = NULL;
     ofproto->ipfix = NULL;
@@ -1364,7 +1398,7 @@ construct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     }
     ofproto->has_bonded_bundles = false;
 
-    hmap_init(&ofproto->facets);
+    classifier_init(&ofproto->facets);
     hmap_init(&ofproto->subfacets);
     ofproto->governor = NULL;
     ofproto->consistency_rl = LLONG_MIN;
@@ -1465,7 +1499,7 @@ add_internal_flow(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, int id,
         return error;
     }
 
-    *rulep = rule_dpif_lookup__(ofproto, &fm.match.flow, TBL_INTERNAL);
+    *rulep = rule_dpif_lookup__(ofproto, &fm.match.flow, NULL, TBL_INTERNAL);
     ovs_assert(*rulep != NULL);
 
     return 0;
@@ -1497,6 +1531,12 @@ add_internal_flows(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto)
     ofpbuf_clear(&ofpacts);
     error = add_internal_flow(ofproto, id++, &ofpacts,
                               &ofproto->no_packet_in_rule);
+    if (error) {
+        return error;
+    }
+
+    error = add_internal_flow(ofproto, id++, &ofpacts,
+                              &ofproto->drop_frags_rule);
     return error;
 }
 
@@ -1541,7 +1581,7 @@ destruct(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     hmap_destroy(&ofproto->bundles);
     mac_learning_destroy(ofproto->ml);
 
-    hmap_destroy(&ofproto->facets);
+    classifier_destroy(&ofproto->facets);
     hmap_destroy(&ofproto->subfacets);
     governor_destroy(ofproto->governor);
 
@@ -1561,6 +1601,12 @@ run_fast(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
     struct ofport_dpif *ofport;
 
+    /* Do not perform any periodic activity required by 'ofproto' while
+     * waiting for flow restore to complete. */
+    if (ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofport, up.hmap_node, &ofproto->up.ports) {
         port_run_fast(ofport);
     }
@@ -1580,6 +1626,12 @@ run(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
         complete_operations(ofproto);
     }
 
+    /* Do not perform any periodic activity below required by 'ofproto' while
+     * waiting for flow restore to complete. */
+    if (ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait()) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
     error = run_fast(ofproto_);
     if (error) {
         return error;
@@ -1606,16 +1658,22 @@ run(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
 
     /* Check the consistency of a random facet, to aid debugging. */
     if (time_msec() >= ofproto->consistency_rl
-        && !hmap_is_empty(&ofproto->facets)
+        && !classifier_is_empty(&ofproto->facets)
         && !ofproto->backer->need_revalidate) {
+        struct cls_table *table;
+        struct cls_rule *cr;
         struct facet *facet;
 
         ofproto->consistency_rl = time_msec() + 250;
 
-        facet = CONTAINER_OF(hmap_random_node(&ofproto->facets),
-                             struct facet, hmap_node);
+        table = CONTAINER_OF(hmap_random_node(&ofproto->facets.tables),
+                             struct cls_table, hmap_node);
+        cr = CONTAINER_OF(hmap_random_node(&table->rules), struct cls_rule,
+                          hmap_node);
+        facet = CONTAINER_OF(cr, struct facet, cr);
+
         if (!tag_set_intersects(&ofproto->backer->revalidate_set,
-                                facet->tags)) {
+                                facet->xout.tags)) {
             if (!facet_check_consistency(facet)) {
                 ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_INCONSISTENCY;
             }
@@ -1654,6 +1712,10 @@ wait(struct ofproto *ofproto_)
         poll_immediate_wake();
     }
 
+    if (ofproto_get_flow_restore_wait()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     dpif_wait(ofproto->backer->dpif);
     dpif_recv_wait(ofproto->backer->dpif);
     if (ofproto->sflow) {
@@ -1688,7 +1750,7 @@ get_memory_usage(const struct ofproto *ofproto_, struct simap *usage)
 {
     const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
 
-    simap_increase(usage, "facets", hmap_count(&ofproto->facets));
+    simap_increase(usage, "facets", classifier_count(&ofproto->facets));
     simap_increase(usage, "subfacets", hmap_count(&ofproto->subfacets));
 }
 
@@ -1743,13 +1805,19 @@ get_tables(struct ofproto *ofproto_, struct ofp12_table_stats *ots)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofproto_);
     struct dpif_dp_stats s;
+    uint64_t n_miss, n_no_pkt_in, n_bytes, n_dropped_frags;
+    uint64_t n_lookup;
 
     strcpy(ots->name, "classifier");
 
     dpif_get_dp_stats(ofproto->backer->dpif, &s);
+    rule_get_stats(&ofproto->miss_rule->up, &n_miss, &n_bytes);
+    rule_get_stats(&ofproto->no_packet_in_rule->up, &n_no_pkt_in, &n_bytes);
+    rule_get_stats(&ofproto->drop_frags_rule->up, &n_dropped_frags, &n_bytes);
 
-    ots->lookup_count = htonll(s.n_hit + s.n_missed);
-    ots->matched_count = htonll(s.n_hit + ofproto->n_matches);
+    n_lookup = s.n_hit + s.n_missed - n_dropped_frags;
+    ots->lookup_count = htonll(n_lookup);
+    ots->matched_count = htonll(n_lookup - n_miss - n_no_pkt_in);
 }
 
 static struct ofport *
@@ -1789,7 +1857,11 @@ port_construct(struct ofport *port_)
     port->carrier_seq = netdev_get_carrier_resets(netdev);
 
     if (netdev_vport_is_patch(netdev)) {
-        /* XXX By bailing out here, we don't do required sFlow work. */
+        /* By bailing out here, we don't submit the port to the sFlow module
+        * to be considered for counter polling export.  This is correct
+        * because the patch port represents an interface that sFlow considers
+        * to be "internal" to the switch as a whole, and therefore not an
+        * candidate for counter polling. */
         port->odp_port = OVSP_NONE;
         return 0;
     }
@@ -1872,6 +1944,10 @@ port_modified(struct ofport *port_)
     if (port->bundle && port->bundle->bond) {
         bond_slave_set_netdev(port->bundle->bond, port, port->up.netdev);
     }
+
+    if (port->cfm) {
+        cfm_set_netdev(port->cfm, port->up.netdev);
+    }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -1960,7 +2036,7 @@ set_cfm(struct ofport *ofport_, const struct cfm_settings *s)
 
             ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofport->up.ofproto);
             ofproto->backer->need_revalidate = REV_RECONFIGURE;
-            ofport->cfm = cfm_create(netdev_get_name(ofport->up.netdev));
+            ofport->cfm = cfm_create(ofport->up.netdev);
         }
 
         if (cfm_configure(ofport->cfm, s)) {
@@ -2213,10 +2289,12 @@ stp_wait(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto)
     }
 }
 
-/* Returns true if STP should process 'flow'. */
+/* Returns true if STP should process 'flow'.  Sets fields in 'wc' that
+ * were used to make the determination.*/
 static bool
-stp_should_process_flow(const struct flow *flow)
+stp_should_process_flow(const struct flow *flow, struct flow_wildcards *wc)
 {
+    memset(&wc->masks.dl_dst, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.dl_dst);
     return eth_addr_equals(flow->dl_dst, eth_addr_stp);
 }
 
@@ -3467,8 +3545,17 @@ struct flow_miss {
 
 struct flow_miss_op {
     struct dpif_op dpif_op;
-    void *garbage;              /* Pointer to pass to free(), NULL if none. */
-    uint64_t stub[1024 / 8];    /* Temporary buffer. */
+
+    uint64_t slow_stub[128 / 8]; /* Buffer for compose_slow_path() */
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    bool xout_garbage;           /* 'xout' needs to be uninitialized? */
+
+    struct ofpbuf mask;          /* Flow mask for "put" ops. */
+    struct odputil_keybuf maskbuf;
+
+    /* If this is a "put" op, then a pointer to the subfacet that should
+     * be marked as uninstalled if the operation fails. */
+    struct subfacet *subfacet;
 };
 
 /* Sends an OFPT_PACKET_IN message for 'packet' of type OFPR_NO_MATCH to each
@@ -3496,12 +3583,15 @@ send_packet_in_miss(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct ofpbuf *packet,
 }
 
 static enum slow_path_reason
-process_special(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
+process_special(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *flow,
                 const struct ofport_dpif *ofport, const struct ofpbuf *packet)
 {
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ctx->ofproto;
+    struct flow_wildcards *wc = &ctx->xout->wc;
+
     if (!ofport) {
         return 0;
-    } else if (ofport->cfm && cfm_should_process_flow(ofport->cfm, flow)) {
+    } else if (ofport->cfm && cfm_should_process_flow(ofport->cfm, flow, wc)) {
         if (packet) {
             cfm_process_heartbeat(ofport->cfm, packet);
         }
@@ -3512,7 +3602,7 @@ process_special(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
             lacp_process_packet(ofport->bundle->lacp, ofport, packet);
         }
         return SLOW_LACP;
-    } else if (ofproto->stp && stp_should_process_flow(flow)) {
+    } else if (ofproto->stp && stp_should_process_flow(flow, wc)) {
         if (packet) {
             stp_process_packet(ofport, packet);
         }
@@ -3556,11 +3646,13 @@ init_flow_miss_execute_op(struct flow_miss *miss, struct ofpbuf *packet,
         eth_pop_vlan(packet);
     }
 
-    op->garbage = NULL;
+    op->subfacet = NULL;
+    op->xout_garbage = false;
     op->dpif_op.type = DPIF_OP_EXECUTE;
     op->dpif_op.u.execute.key = miss->key;
     op->dpif_op.u.execute.key_len = miss->key_len;
     op->dpif_op.u.execute.packet = packet;
+    ofpbuf_use_stack(&op->mask, &op->maskbuf, sizeof op->maskbuf);
 }
 
 /* Helper for handle_flow_miss_without_facet() and
@@ -3571,8 +3663,6 @@ handle_flow_miss_common(struct rule_dpif *rule,
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
 
-    ofproto->n_matches++;
-
     if (rule->up.cr.priority == FAIL_OPEN_PRIORITY) {
         /*
          * Extra-special case for fail-open mode.
@@ -3589,15 +3679,18 @@ handle_flow_miss_common(struct rule_dpif *rule,
 }
 
 /* Figures out whether a flow that missed in 'ofproto', whose details are in
- * 'miss', is likely to be worth tracking in detail in userspace and (usually)
- * installing a datapath flow.  The answer is usually "yes" (a return value of
- * true).  However, for short flows the cost of bookkeeping is much higher than
- * the benefits, so when the datapath holds a large number of flows we impose
- * some heuristics to decide which flows are likely to be worth tracking. */
+ * 'miss' masked by 'wc', is likely to be worth tracking in detail in userspace
+ * and (usually) installing a datapath flow.  The answer is usually "yes" (a
+ * return value of true).  However, for short flows the cost of bookkeeping is
+ * much higher than the benefits, so when the datapath holds a large number of
+ * flows we impose some heuristics to decide which flows are likely to be worth
+ * tracking. */
 static bool
-flow_miss_should_make_facet(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
-                            struct flow_miss *miss, uint32_t hash)
+flow_miss_should_make_facet(struct flow_miss *miss, struct flow_wildcards *wc)
 {
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = miss->ofproto;
+    uint32_t hash;
+
     if (!ofproto->governor) {
         size_t n_subfacets;
 
@@ -3609,52 +3702,46 @@ flow_miss_should_make_facet(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
         ofproto->governor = governor_create(ofproto->up.name);
     }
 
+    hash = flow_hash_in_wildcards(&miss->flow, wc, 0);
     return governor_should_install_flow(ofproto->governor, hash,
                                         list_size(&miss->packets));
 }
 
-/* Handles 'miss', which matches 'rule', without creating a facet or subfacet
- * or creating any datapath flow.  May add an "execute" operation to 'ops' and
- * increment '*n_ops'. */
+/* Handles 'miss' without creating a facet or subfacet or creating any datapath
+ * flow.  'miss->flow' must have matched 'rule' and been xlated into 'xout'.
+ * May add an "execute" operation to 'ops' and increment '*n_ops'. */
 static void
-handle_flow_miss_without_facet(struct flow_miss *miss,
-                               struct rule_dpif *rule,
+handle_flow_miss_without_facet(struct rule_dpif *rule, struct xlate_out *xout,
+                               struct flow_miss *miss,
                                struct flow_miss_op *ops, size_t *n_ops)
 {
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
-    long long int now = time_msec();
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
     struct ofpbuf *packet;
 
     LIST_FOR_EACH (packet, list_node, &miss->packets) {
-        struct flow_miss_op *op = &ops[*n_ops];
-        struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-        struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
 
         COVERAGE_INC(facet_suppress);
 
-        ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, op->stub, sizeof op->stub);
+        handle_flow_miss_common(rule, packet, &miss->flow);
 
-        dpif_flow_stats_extract(&miss->flow, packet, now, &stats);
-        rule_credit_stats(rule, &stats);
+        if (xout->slow) {
+            struct xlate_in xin;
 
-        action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &miss->flow,
-                              &miss->initial_vals, rule, 0, packet);
-        ctx.resubmit_stats = &stats;
-        xlate_actions(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len,
-                      &odp_actions);
+            xlate_in_init(&xin, miss->ofproto, &miss->flow,
+                          &miss->initial_vals, rule, 0, packet);
+            xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&xin);
+        }
 
-        if (odp_actions.size) {
+        if (xout->odp_actions.size) {
+            struct flow_miss_op *op = &ops[*n_ops];
             struct dpif_execute *execute = &op->dpif_op.u.execute;
 
             init_flow_miss_execute_op(miss, packet, op);
-            execute->actions = odp_actions.data;
-            execute->actions_len = odp_actions.size;
-            op->garbage = ofpbuf_get_uninit_pointer(&odp_actions);
+            xlate_out_copy(&op->xout, xout);
+            execute->actions = op->xout.odp_actions.data;
+            execute->actions_len = op->xout.odp_actions.size;
+            op->xout_garbage = true;
 
             (*n_ops)++;
-        } else {
-            ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
         }
     }
 }
@@ -3667,10 +3754,12 @@ handle_flow_miss_without_facet(struct flow_miss *miss,
  * here, then the new subfacet or its packets could look (occasionally) as
  * though it was used some time after the facet was used.  That can make a
  * one-packet flow look like it has a nonzero duration, which looks odd in
- * e.g. NetFlow statistics. */
+ * e.g. NetFlow statistics.
+ *
+ * If non-null, 'stats' will be folded into 'facet'. */
 static void
 handle_flow_miss_with_facet(struct flow_miss *miss, struct facet *facet,
-                            long long int now,
+                            long long int now, struct dpif_flow_stats *stats,
                             struct flow_miss_op *ops, size_t *n_ops)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
@@ -3679,60 +3768,59 @@ handle_flow_miss_with_facet(struct flow_miss *miss, struct facet *facet,
     struct ofpbuf *packet;
 
     subfacet = subfacet_create(facet, miss, now);
+    want_path = facet->xout.slow ? SF_SLOW_PATH : SF_FAST_PATH;
+    if (stats) {
+        subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, stats);
+    }
 
     LIST_FOR_EACH (packet, list_node, &miss->packets) {
         struct flow_miss_op *op = &ops[*n_ops];
-        struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-        struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
 
         handle_flow_miss_common(facet->rule, packet, &miss->flow);
 
-        ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, op->stub, sizeof op->stub);
-        if (!subfacet->actions || subfacet->slow) {
-            subfacet_make_actions(subfacet, packet, &odp_actions);
-        }
+        if (want_path != SF_FAST_PATH) {
+            struct xlate_in xin;
 
-        dpif_flow_stats_extract(&facet->flow, packet, now, &stats);
-        subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
+            xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &miss->flow, &miss->initial_vals,
+                          facet->rule, 0, packet);
+            xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&xin);
+        }
 
-        if (subfacet->actions_len) {
+        if (facet->xout.odp_actions.size) {
             struct dpif_execute *execute = &op->dpif_op.u.execute;
 
             init_flow_miss_execute_op(miss, packet, op);
-            if (!subfacet->slow) {
-                execute->actions = subfacet->actions;
-                execute->actions_len = subfacet->actions_len;
-                ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
-            } else {
-                execute->actions = odp_actions.data;
-                execute->actions_len = odp_actions.size;
-                op->garbage = ofpbuf_get_uninit_pointer(&odp_actions);
-            }
-
+            execute->actions = facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
+            execute->actions_len = facet->xout.odp_actions.size;
             (*n_ops)++;
-        } else {
-            ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
         }
     }
 
-    want_path = subfacet_want_path(subfacet->slow);
     if (miss->upcall_type == DPIF_UC_MISS || subfacet->path != want_path) {
         struct flow_miss_op *op = &ops[(*n_ops)++];
         struct dpif_flow_put *put = &op->dpif_op.u.flow_put;
 
         subfacet->path = want_path;
 
-        op->garbage = NULL;
+        ofpbuf_use_stack(&op->mask, &op->maskbuf, sizeof op->maskbuf);
+        odp_flow_key_from_mask(&op->mask, &facet->xout.wc.masks,
+                               &miss->flow, UINT32_MAX);
+
+        op->xout_garbage = false;
         op->dpif_op.type = DPIF_OP_FLOW_PUT;
+        op->subfacet = subfacet;
         put->flags = DPIF_FP_CREATE | DPIF_FP_MODIFY;
         put->key = miss->key;
         put->key_len = miss->key_len;
+        put->mask = op->mask.data;
+        put->mask_len = op->mask.size;
+
         if (want_path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
-            put->actions = subfacet->actions;
-            put->actions_len = subfacet->actions_len;
+            put->actions = facet->xout.odp_actions.data;
+            put->actions_len = facet->xout.odp_actions.size;
         } else {
-            compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, subfacet->slow,
-                              op->stub, sizeof op->stub,
+            compose_slow_path(ofproto, &miss->flow, facet->xout.slow,
+                              op->slow_stub, sizeof op->slow_stub,
                               &put->actions, &put->actions_len);
         }
         put->stats = NULL;
@@ -3746,29 +3834,54 @@ handle_flow_miss(struct flow_miss *miss, struct flow_miss_op *ops,
                  size_t *n_ops)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = miss->ofproto;
+    struct dpif_flow_stats stats__;
+    struct dpif_flow_stats *stats = &stats__;
+    struct ofpbuf *packet;
     struct facet *facet;
     long long int now;
-    uint32_t hash;
 
-    /* The caller must ensure that miss->hmap_node.hash contains
-     * flow_hash(miss->flow, 0). */
-    hash = miss->hmap_node.hash;
+    now = time_msec();
+    memset(stats, 0, sizeof *stats);
+    stats->used = now;
+    LIST_FOR_EACH (packet, list_node, &miss->packets) {
+        stats->tcp_flags |= packet_get_tcp_flags(packet, &miss->flow);
+        stats->n_bytes += packet->size;
+        stats->n_packets++;
+    }
 
-    facet = facet_lookup_valid(ofproto, &miss->flow, hash);
+    facet = facet_lookup_valid(ofproto, &miss->flow);
     if (!facet) {
-        struct rule_dpif *rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &miss->flow);
-
-        if (!flow_miss_should_make_facet(ofproto, miss, hash)) {
-            handle_flow_miss_without_facet(miss, rule, ops, n_ops);
+        struct flow_wildcards wc;
+        struct rule_dpif *rule;
+        struct xlate_out xout;
+        struct xlate_in xin;
+
+        flow_wildcards_init_catchall(&wc);
+        rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &miss->flow, &wc);
+        rule_credit_stats(rule, stats);
+
+        xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &miss->flow, &miss->initial_vals, rule,
+                      stats->tcp_flags, NULL);
+        xin.resubmit_stats = stats;
+        xin.may_learn = true;
+        xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
+        flow_wildcards_or(&xout.wc, &xout.wc, &wc);
+
+        /* There does not exist a bijection between 'struct flow' and datapath
+         * flow keys with fitness ODP_FIT_TO_LITTLE.  This breaks a fundamental
+         * assumption used throughout the facet and subfacet handling code.
+         * Since we have to handle these misses in userspace anyway, we simply
+         * skip facet creation, avoiding the problem altogether. */
+        if (miss->key_fitness == ODP_FIT_TOO_LITTLE
+            || !flow_miss_should_make_facet(miss, &xout.wc)) {
+            handle_flow_miss_without_facet(rule, &xout, miss, ops, n_ops);
             return;
         }
 
-        facet = facet_create(rule, &miss->flow, hash);
-        now = facet->used;
-    } else {
-        now = time_msec();
+        facet = facet_create(miss, rule, &xout, stats);
+        stats = NULL;
     }
-    handle_flow_miss_with_facet(miss, facet, now, ops, n_ops);
+    handle_flow_miss_with_facet(miss, facet, now, stats, ops, n_ops);
 }
 
 static struct drop_key *
@@ -3987,7 +4100,8 @@ handle_miss_upcalls(struct dpif_backer *backer, struct dpif_upcall *upcalls,
                 hmap_insert(&backer->drop_keys, &drop_key->hmap_node,
                             hash_bytes(drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len, 0));
                 dpif_flow_put(backer->dpif, DPIF_FP_CREATE | DPIF_FP_MODIFY,
-                              drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len, NULL, 0, NULL);
+                              drop_key->key, drop_key->key_len,
+                              NULL, 0, NULL, 0, NULL);
             }
             continue;
         }
@@ -4032,9 +4146,21 @@ handle_miss_upcalls(struct dpif_backer *backer, struct dpif_upcall *upcalls,
     }
     dpif_operate(backer->dpif, dpif_ops, n_ops);
 
-    /* Free memory. */
     for (i = 0; i < n_ops; i++) {
-        free(flow_miss_ops[i].garbage);
+        if (dpif_ops[i]->error != 0
+            && flow_miss_ops[i].dpif_op.type == DPIF_OP_FLOW_PUT
+            && flow_miss_ops[i].subfacet) {
+            struct subfacet *subfacet = flow_miss_ops[i].subfacet;
+
+            COVERAGE_INC(subfacet_install_fail);
+
+            subfacet->path = SF_NOT_INSTALLED;
+        }
+
+        /* Free memory. */
+        if (flow_miss_ops[i].xout_garbage) {
+            xlate_out_uninit(&flow_miss_ops[i].xout);
+        }
     }
     hmap_destroy(&todo);
 }
@@ -4293,26 +4419,29 @@ update_subfacet_stats(struct subfacet *subfacet,
                       const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
 {
     struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
+    struct dpif_flow_stats diff;
+
+    diff.tcp_flags = stats->tcp_flags;
+    diff.used = stats->used;
 
     if (stats->n_packets >= subfacet->dp_packet_count) {
-        uint64_t extra = stats->n_packets - subfacet->dp_packet_count;
-        facet->packet_count += extra;
+        diff.n_packets = stats->n_packets - subfacet->dp_packet_count;
     } else {
         VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "unexpected packet count from the datapath");
+        diff.n_packets = 0;
     }
 
     if (stats->n_bytes >= subfacet->dp_byte_count) {
-        facet->byte_count += stats->n_bytes - subfacet->dp_byte_count;
+        diff.n_bytes = stats->n_bytes - subfacet->dp_byte_count;
     } else {
         VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "unexpected byte count from datapath");
+        diff.n_bytes = 0;
     }
 
     subfacet->dp_packet_count = stats->n_packets;
     subfacet->dp_byte_count = stats->n_bytes;
+    subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &diff);
 
-    facet->tcp_flags |= stats->tcp_flags;
-
-    subfacet_update_time(subfacet, stats->used);
     if (facet->accounted_bytes < facet->byte_count) {
         facet_learn(facet);
         facet_account(facet);
@@ -4360,15 +4489,15 @@ update_stats(struct dpif_backer *backer)
 {
     const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats;
     struct dpif_flow_dump dump;
-    const struct nlattr *key;
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
-    size_t key_len;
+    const struct nlattr *key, *mask;
+    size_t key_len, mask_len;
 
     dpif_flow_dump_start(&dump, backer->dpif);
-    while (dpif_flow_dump_next(&dump, &key, &key_len, NULL, NULL, &stats)) {
+    while (dpif_flow_dump_next(&dump, &key, &key_len,
+                               &mask, &mask_len, NULL, NULL, &stats)) {
         struct flow flow;
         struct subfacet *subfacet;
-        struct ofport_dpif *ofport;
         uint32_t key_hash;
 
         if (ofproto_receive(backer, NULL, key, key_len, &flow, NULL, &ofproto,
@@ -4379,11 +4508,6 @@ update_stats(struct dpif_backer *backer)
         ofproto->total_subfacet_count += hmap_count(&ofproto->subfacets);
         ofproto->n_update_stats++;
 
-        ofport = get_ofp_port(ofproto, flow.in_port);
-        if (ofport && ofport->tnl_port) {
-            netdev_vport_inc_rx(ofport->up.netdev, stats);
-        }
-
         key_hash = odp_flow_key_hash(key, key_len);
         subfacet = subfacet_find(ofproto, key, key_len, key_hash);
         switch (subfacet ? subfacet->path : SF_NOT_INSTALLED) {
@@ -4523,7 +4647,8 @@ expire_subfacets(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, int dp_max_idle)
                         &ofproto->subfacets) {
         long long int cutoff;
 
-        cutoff = (subfacet->slow & (SLOW_CFM | SLOW_LACP | SLOW_STP)
+        cutoff = (subfacet->facet->xout.slow & (SLOW_CFM | SLOW_LACP
+                                                | SLOW_STP)
                   ? special_cutoff
                   : normal_cutoff);
         if (subfacet->used < cutoff) {
@@ -4584,33 +4709,47 @@ rule_expire(struct rule_dpif *rule)
 \f
 /* Facets. */
 
-/* Creates and returns a new facet owned by 'rule', given a 'flow'.
+/* Creates and returns a new facet based on 'miss'.
  *
  * The caller must already have determined that no facet with an identical
- * 'flow' exists in 'ofproto' and that 'flow' is the best match for 'rule' in
- * the ofproto's classifier table.
+ * 'miss->flow' exists in 'miss->ofproto'.
  *
- * 'hash' must be the return value of flow_hash(flow, 0).
+ * 'rule' and 'xout' must have been created based on 'miss'.
+ *
+ * 'facet'' statistics are initialized based on 'stats'.
  *
  * The facet will initially have no subfacets.  The caller should create (at
  * least) one subfacet with subfacet_create(). */
 static struct facet *
-facet_create(struct rule_dpif *rule, const struct flow *flow, uint32_t hash)
+facet_create(const struct flow_miss *miss, struct rule_dpif *rule,
+             struct xlate_out *xout, struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
 {
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
+    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = miss->ofproto;
     struct facet *facet;
+    struct match match;
 
     facet = xzalloc(sizeof *facet);
-    facet->used = time_msec();
-    hmap_insert(&ofproto->facets, &facet->hmap_node, hash);
-    list_push_back(&rule->facets, &facet->list_node);
+    facet->packet_count = facet->prev_packet_count = stats->n_packets;
+    facet->byte_count = facet->prev_byte_count = stats->n_bytes;
+    facet->tcp_flags = stats->tcp_flags;
+    facet->used = stats->used;
+    facet->flow = miss->flow;
+    facet->initial_vals = miss->initial_vals;
+    facet->learn_rl = time_msec() + 500;
     facet->rule = rule;
-    facet->flow = *flow;
+
+    list_push_back(&facet->rule->facets, &facet->list_node);
     list_init(&facet->subfacets);
     netflow_flow_init(&facet->nf_flow);
     netflow_flow_update_time(ofproto->netflow, &facet->nf_flow, facet->used);
 
-    facet->learn_rl = time_msec() + 500;
+    xlate_out_copy(&facet->xout, xout);
+
+    match_init(&match, &facet->flow, &facet->xout.wc);
+    cls_rule_init(&facet->cr, &match, OFP_DEFAULT_PRIORITY);
+    classifier_insert(&ofproto->facets, &facet->cr);
+
+    facet->nf_flow.output_iface = facet->xout.nf_output_iface;
 
     return facet;
 }
@@ -4618,7 +4757,10 @@ facet_create(struct rule_dpif *rule, const struct flow *flow, uint32_t hash)
 static void
 facet_free(struct facet *facet)
 {
-    free(facet);
+    if (facet) {
+        xlate_out_uninit(&facet->xout);
+        free(facet);
+    }
 }
 
 /* Executes, within 'ofproto', the 'n_actions' actions in 'actions' on
@@ -4641,7 +4783,7 @@ execute_odp_actions(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
     return !error;
 }
 
-/* Remove 'facet' from 'ofproto' and free up the associated memory:
+/* Remove 'facet' from its ofproto and free up the associated memory:
  *
  *   - If 'facet' was installed in the datapath, uninstalls it and updates its
  *     rule's statistics, via subfacet_uninstall().
@@ -4673,7 +4815,8 @@ facet_remove(struct facet *facet)
                         &facet->subfacets) {
         subfacet_destroy__(subfacet);
     }
-    hmap_remove(&ofproto->facets, &facet->hmap_node);
+    classifier_remove(&ofproto->facets, &facet->cr);
+    cls_rule_destroy(&facet->cr);
     list_remove(&facet->list_node);
     facet_free(facet);
 }
@@ -4683,44 +4826,34 @@ facet_remove(struct facet *facet)
 static void
 facet_learn(struct facet *facet)
 {
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    struct subfacet *subfacet= CONTAINER_OF(list_front(&facet->subfacets),
-                                            struct subfacet, list_node);
     long long int now = time_msec();
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
 
-    if (!facet->has_fin_timeout && now < facet->learn_rl) {
+    if (!facet->xout.has_fin_timeout && now < facet->learn_rl) {
         return;
     }
 
     facet->learn_rl = now + 500;
 
-    if (!facet->has_learn
-        && !facet->has_normal
-        && (!facet->has_fin_timeout
+    if (!facet->xout.has_learn
+        && !facet->xout.has_normal
+        && (!facet->xout.has_fin_timeout
             || !(facet->tcp_flags & (TCP_FIN | TCP_RST)))) {
         return;
     }
 
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &facet->flow,
-                          &subfacet->initial_vals,
-                          facet->rule, facet->tcp_flags, NULL);
-    ctx.may_learn = true;
-    xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&ctx, facet->rule->up.ofpacts,
-                                   facet->rule->up.ofpacts_len);
+    facet_push_stats(facet, true);
 }
 
 static void
 facet_account(struct facet *facet)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    struct subfacet *subfacet = facet_get_subfacet(facet);
     const struct nlattr *a;
     unsigned int left;
     ovs_be16 vlan_tci;
     uint64_t n_bytes;
 
-    if (!facet->has_normal || !ofproto->has_bonded_bundles) {
+    if (!facet->xout.has_normal || !ofproto->has_bonded_bundles) {
         return;
     }
     n_bytes = facet->byte_count - facet->accounted_bytes;
@@ -4734,8 +4867,8 @@ facet_account(struct facet *facet)
      * We use the actions from an arbitrary subfacet because they should all
      * be equally valid for our purpose. */
     vlan_tci = facet->flow.vlan_tci;
-    NL_ATTR_FOR_EACH_UNSAFE (a, left,
-                             subfacet->actions, subfacet->actions_len) {
+    NL_ATTR_FOR_EACH_UNSAFE (a, left, facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
+                             facet->xout.odp_actions.size) {
         const struct ovs_action_push_vlan *vlan;
         struct ofport_dpif *port;
 
@@ -4795,7 +4928,7 @@ facet_flush_stats(struct facet *facet)
         ovs_assert(!subfacet->dp_packet_count);
     }
 
-    facet_push_stats(facet);
+    facet_push_stats(facet, false);
     if (facet->accounted_bytes < facet->byte_count) {
         facet_account(facet);
         facet->accounted_bytes = facet->byte_count;
@@ -4810,9 +4943,6 @@ facet_flush_stats(struct facet *facet)
         netflow_expire(ofproto->netflow, &facet->nf_flow, &expired);
     }
 
-    facet->rule->packet_count += facet->packet_count;
-    facet->rule->byte_count += facet->byte_count;
-
     /* Reset counters to prevent double counting if 'facet' ever gets
      * reinstalled. */
     facet_reset_counters(facet);
@@ -4821,100 +4951,39 @@ facet_flush_stats(struct facet *facet)
     facet->tcp_flags = 0;
 }
 
-/* Searches 'ofproto''s table of facets for one exactly equal to 'flow'.
- * Returns it if found, otherwise a null pointer.
- *
- * 'hash' must be the return value of flow_hash(flow, 0).
+/* Searches 'ofproto''s table of facets for one which would be responsible for
+ * 'flow'.  Returns it if found, otherwise a null pointer.
  *
  * The returned facet might need revalidation; use facet_lookup_valid()
  * instead if that is important. */
 static struct facet *
-facet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
-           const struct flow *flow, uint32_t hash)
+facet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow)
 {
-    struct facet *facet;
-
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (facet, hmap_node, hash, &ofproto->facets) {
-        if (flow_equal(flow, &facet->flow)) {
-            return facet;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return NULL;
+    struct cls_rule *cr = classifier_lookup(&ofproto->facets, flow, NULL);
+    return cr ? CONTAINER_OF(cr, struct facet, cr) : NULL;
 }
 
-/* Searches 'ofproto''s table of facets for one exactly equal to 'flow'.
- * Returns it if found, otherwise a null pointer.
- *
- * 'hash' must be the return value of flow_hash(flow, 0).
+/* Searches 'ofproto''s table of facets for one capable that covers
+ * 'flow'.  Returns it if found, otherwise a null pointer.
  *
  * The returned facet is guaranteed to be valid. */
 static struct facet *
-facet_lookup_valid(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
-                   uint32_t hash)
+facet_lookup_valid(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow)
 {
     struct facet *facet;
 
-    facet = facet_find(ofproto, flow, hash);
+    facet = facet_find(ofproto, flow);
     if (facet
         && (ofproto->backer->need_revalidate
             || tag_set_intersects(&ofproto->backer->revalidate_set,
-                                  facet->tags))) {
-        facet_revalidate(facet);
-
-        /* facet_revalidate() may have destroyed 'facet'. */
-        facet = facet_find(ofproto, flow, hash);
+                                  facet->xout.tags))
+        && !facet_revalidate(facet)) {
+        return NULL;
     }
 
     return facet;
 }
 
-/* Return a subfacet from 'facet'.  A facet consists of one or more
- * subfacets, and this function returns one of them. */
-static struct subfacet *facet_get_subfacet(struct facet *facet)
-{
-    return CONTAINER_OF(list_front(&facet->subfacets), struct subfacet,
-                        list_node);
-}
-
-static const char *
-subfacet_path_to_string(enum subfacet_path path)
-{
-    switch (path) {
-    case SF_NOT_INSTALLED:
-        return "not installed";
-    case SF_FAST_PATH:
-        return "in fast path";
-    case SF_SLOW_PATH:
-        return "in slow path";
-    default:
-        return "<error>";
-    }
-}
-
-/* Returns the path in which a subfacet should be installed if its 'slow'
- * member has the specified value. */
-static enum subfacet_path
-subfacet_want_path(enum slow_path_reason slow)
-{
-    return slow ? SF_SLOW_PATH : SF_FAST_PATH;
-}
-
-/* Returns true if 'subfacet' needs to have its datapath flow updated,
- * supposing that its actions have been recalculated as 'want_actions' and that
- * 'slow' is nonzero iff 'subfacet' should be in the slow path. */
-static bool
-subfacet_should_install(struct subfacet *subfacet, enum slow_path_reason slow,
-                        const struct ofpbuf *want_actions)
-{
-    enum subfacet_path want_path = subfacet_want_path(slow);
-    return (want_path != subfacet->path
-            || (want_path == SF_FAST_PATH
-                && (subfacet->actions_len != want_actions->size
-                    || memcmp(subfacet->actions, want_actions->data,
-                              subfacet->actions_len))));
-}
-
 static bool
 facet_check_consistency(struct facet *facet)
 {
@@ -4922,23 +4991,18 @@ facet_check_consistency(struct facet *facet)
 
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
 
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
 
     struct rule_dpif *rule;
-    struct subfacet *subfacet;
-    bool may_log = false;
     bool ok;
 
     /* Check the rule for consistency. */
-    rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &facet->flow);
-    ok = rule == facet->rule;
-    if (!ok) {
-        may_log = !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl);
-        if (may_log) {
-            struct ds s;
-
-            ds_init(&s);
+    rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &facet->flow, NULL);
+    if (rule != facet->rule) {
+        if (!VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
+            struct ds s = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
+
             flow_format(&s, &facet->flow);
             ds_put_format(&s, ": facet associated with wrong rule (was "
                           "table=%"PRIu8",", facet->rule->up.table_id);
@@ -4946,81 +5010,43 @@ facet_check_consistency(struct facet *facet)
             ds_put_format(&s, ") (should have been table=%"PRIu8",",
                           rule->up.table_id);
             cls_rule_format(&rule->up.cr, &s);
-            ds_put_char(&s, ')');
+            ds_put_cstr(&s, ")\n");
 
-            VLOG_WARN("%s", ds_cstr(&s));
             ds_destroy(&s);
         }
+        return false;
     }
 
     /* Check the datapath actions for consistency. */
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-        enum subfacet_path want_path;
-        struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-        struct ds s;
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &facet->flow, &facet->initial_vals, rule,
+                  0, NULL);
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
 
-        action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &facet->flow,
-                              &subfacet->initial_vals, rule, 0, NULL);
-        xlate_actions(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len,
-                      &odp_actions);
-
-        if (subfacet->path == SF_NOT_INSTALLED) {
-            /* This only happens if the datapath reported an error when we
-             * tried to install the flow.  Don't flag another error here. */
-            continue;
-        }
+    ok = ofpbuf_equal(&facet->xout.odp_actions, &xout.odp_actions)
+        && facet->xout.slow == xout.slow;
+    if (!ok && !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
+        struct ds s = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
 
-        want_path = subfacet_want_path(subfacet->slow);
-        if (want_path == SF_SLOW_PATH && subfacet->path == SF_SLOW_PATH) {
-            /* The actions for slow-path flows may legitimately vary from one
-             * packet to the next.  We're done. */
-            continue;
-        }
+        flow_format(&s, &facet->flow);
+        ds_put_cstr(&s, ": inconsistency in facet");
 
-        if (!subfacet_should_install(subfacet, subfacet->slow, &odp_actions)) {
-            continue;
+        if (!ofpbuf_equal(&facet->xout.odp_actions, &xout.odp_actions)) {
+            ds_put_cstr(&s, " (actions were: ");
+            format_odp_actions(&s, facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
+                               facet->xout.odp_actions.size);
+            ds_put_cstr(&s, ") (correct actions: ");
+            format_odp_actions(&s, xout.odp_actions.data,
+                               xout.odp_actions.size);
+            ds_put_cstr(&s, ")");
         }
 
-        /* Inconsistency! */
-        if (ok) {
-            may_log = !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl);
-            ok = false;
-        }
-        if (!may_log) {
-            /* Rate-limited, skip reporting. */
-            continue;
+        if (facet->xout.slow != xout.slow) {
+            ds_put_format(&s, " slow path incorrect. should be %d", xout.slow);
         }
 
-        ds_init(&s);
-        odp_flow_key_format(subfacet->key, subfacet->key_len, &s);
-
-        ds_put_cstr(&s, ": inconsistency in subfacet");
-        if (want_path != subfacet->path) {
-            enum odp_key_fitness fitness = subfacet->key_fitness;
-
-            ds_put_format(&s, " (%s, fitness=%s)",
-                          subfacet_path_to_string(subfacet->path),
-                          odp_key_fitness_to_string(fitness));
-            ds_put_format(&s, " (should have been %s)",
-                          subfacet_path_to_string(want_path));
-        } else if (want_path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
-            ds_put_cstr(&s, " (actions were: ");
-            format_odp_actions(&s, subfacet->actions,
-                               subfacet->actions_len);
-            ds_put_cstr(&s, ") (correct actions: ");
-            format_odp_actions(&s, odp_actions.data, odp_actions.size);
-            ds_put_char(&s, ')');
-        } else {
-            ds_put_cstr(&s, " (actions: ");
-            format_odp_actions(&s, subfacet->actions,
-                               subfacet->actions_len);
-            ds_put_char(&s, ')');
-        }
-        VLOG_WARN("%s", ds_cstr(&s));
         ds_destroy(&s);
     }
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
 
     return ok;
 }
@@ -5034,24 +5060,18 @@ facet_check_consistency(struct facet *facet)
  *     where it is and recompiles its actions anyway.
  *
  *   - If any of 'facet''s subfacets correspond to a new flow according to
- *     ofproto_receive(), 'facet' is removed. */
-static void
+ *     ofproto_receive(), 'facet' is removed.
+ *
+ *   Returns true if 'facet' is still valid.  False if 'facet' was removed. */
+static bool
 facet_revalidate(struct facet *facet)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    struct actions {
-        struct nlattr *odp_actions;
-        size_t actions_len;
-    };
-    struct actions *new_actions;
-
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
-
     struct rule_dpif *new_rule;
     struct subfacet *subfacet;
-    int i;
+    struct flow_wildcards wc;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
 
     COVERAGE_INC(facet_revalidate);
 
@@ -5068,79 +5088,66 @@ facet_revalidate(struct facet *facet)
                                 &recv_ofproto, NULL, NULL);
         if (error
             || recv_ofproto != ofproto
-            || memcmp(&recv_flow, &facet->flow, sizeof recv_flow)) {
+            || facet != facet_find(ofproto, &recv_flow)) {
             facet_remove(facet);
-            return;
+            return false;
         }
     }
 
-    new_rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &facet->flow);
+    flow_wildcards_init_catchall(&wc);
+    new_rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, &facet->flow, &wc);
 
     /* Calculate new datapath actions.
      *
      * We do not modify any 'facet' state yet, because we might need to, e.g.,
      * emit a NetFlow expiration and, if so, we need to have the old state
      * around to properly compose it. */
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &facet->flow, &facet->initial_vals, new_rule,
+                  0, NULL);
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
+    flow_wildcards_or(&xout.wc, &xout.wc, &wc);
+
+    /* A facet's slow path reason should only change under dramatic
+     * circumstances.  Rather than try to update everything, it's simpler to
+     * remove the facet and start over.
+     *
+     * More importantly, if a facet's wildcards change, it will be relatively
+     * difficult to figure out if its subfacets still belong to it, and if not
+     * which facet they may belong to.  Again, to avoid the complexity, we
+     * simply give up instead. */
+    if (facet->xout.slow != xout.slow
+        || memcmp(&facet->xout.wc, &xout.wc, sizeof xout.wc)) {
+        facet_remove(facet);
+        xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
+        return false;
+    }
 
-    /* If the datapath actions changed or the installability changed,
-     * then we need to talk to the datapath. */
-    i = 0;
-    new_actions = NULL;
-    memset(&ctx, 0, sizeof ctx);
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-        enum slow_path_reason slow;
-
-        action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &facet->flow,
-                              &subfacet->initial_vals, new_rule, 0, NULL);
-        xlate_actions(&ctx, new_rule->up.ofpacts, new_rule->up.ofpacts_len,
-                      &odp_actions);
-
-        slow = (subfacet->slow & SLOW_MATCH) | ctx.slow;
-        if (subfacet_should_install(subfacet, slow, &odp_actions)) {
-            struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-
-            subfacet_install(subfacet,
-                             odp_actions.data, odp_actions.size, &stats, slow);
-            subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
+    if (!ofpbuf_equal(&facet->xout.odp_actions, &xout.odp_actions)) {
+        LIST_FOR_EACH(subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
+            if (subfacet->path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
+                struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
 
-            if (!new_actions) {
-                new_actions = xcalloc(list_size(&facet->subfacets),
-                                      sizeof *new_actions);
+                subfacet_install(subfacet, &xout.odp_actions, &stats);
+                subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
             }
-            new_actions[i].odp_actions = xmemdup(odp_actions.data,
-                                                 odp_actions.size);
-            new_actions[i].actions_len = odp_actions.size;
         }
 
-        i++;
-    }
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
-
-    if (new_actions) {
         facet_flush_stats(facet);
+
+        ofpbuf_clear(&facet->xout.odp_actions);
+        ofpbuf_put(&facet->xout.odp_actions, xout.odp_actions.data,
+                   xout.odp_actions.size);
     }
 
     /* Update 'facet' now that we've taken care of all the old state. */
-    facet->tags = ctx.tags;
-    facet->nf_flow.output_iface = ctx.nf_output_iface;
-    facet->has_learn = ctx.has_learn;
-    facet->has_normal = ctx.has_normal;
-    facet->has_fin_timeout = ctx.has_fin_timeout;
-    facet->mirrors = ctx.mirrors;
-
-    i = 0;
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (subfacet, list_node, &facet->subfacets) {
-        subfacet->slow = (subfacet->slow & SLOW_MATCH) | ctx.slow;
-
-        if (new_actions && new_actions[i].odp_actions) {
-            free(subfacet->actions);
-            subfacet->actions = new_actions[i].odp_actions;
-            subfacet->actions_len = new_actions[i].actions_len;
-        }
-        i++;
-    }
-    free(new_actions);
+    facet->xout.tags = xout.tags;
+    facet->xout.slow = xout.slow;
+    facet->xout.has_learn = xout.has_learn;
+    facet->xout.has_normal = xout.has_normal;
+    facet->xout.has_fin_timeout = xout.has_fin_timeout;
+    facet->xout.nf_output_iface = xout.nf_output_iface;
+    facet->xout.mirrors = xout.mirrors;
+    facet->nf_flow.output_iface = facet->xout.nf_output_iface;
 
     if (facet->rule != new_rule) {
         COVERAGE_INC(facet_changed_rule);
@@ -5150,19 +5157,9 @@ facet_revalidate(struct facet *facet)
         facet->used = new_rule->up.created;
         facet->prev_used = facet->used;
     }
-}
 
-/* Updates 'facet''s used time.  Caller is responsible for calling
- * facet_push_stats() to update the flows which 'facet' resubmits into. */
-static void
-facet_update_time(struct facet *facet, long long int used)
-{
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    if (used > facet->used) {
-        facet->used = used;
-        ofproto_rule_update_used(&facet->rule->up, used);
-        netflow_flow_update_time(ofproto->netflow, &facet->nf_flow, used);
-    }
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
+    return true;
 }
 
 static void
@@ -5176,7 +5173,7 @@ facet_reset_counters(struct facet *facet)
 }
 
 static void
-facet_push_stats(struct facet *facet)
+facet_push_stats(struct facet *facet, bool may_learn)
 {
     struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
 
@@ -5187,17 +5184,36 @@ facet_push_stats(struct facet *facet)
     stats.n_packets = facet->packet_count - facet->prev_packet_count;
     stats.n_bytes = facet->byte_count - facet->prev_byte_count;
     stats.used = facet->used;
-    stats.tcp_flags = 0;
+    stats.tcp_flags = facet->tcp_flags;
+
+    if (may_learn || stats.n_packets || facet->used > facet->prev_used) {
+        struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto =
+            ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
+
+        struct ofport_dpif *in_port;
+        struct xlate_in xin;
 
-    if (stats.n_packets || stats.n_bytes || facet->used > facet->prev_used) {
         facet->prev_packet_count = facet->packet_count;
         facet->prev_byte_count = facet->byte_count;
         facet->prev_used = facet->used;
 
-        flow_push_stats(facet, &stats);
+        in_port = get_ofp_port(ofproto, facet->flow.in_port);
+        if (in_port && in_port->tnl_port) {
+            netdev_vport_inc_rx(in_port->up.netdev, &stats);
+        }
+
+        rule_credit_stats(facet->rule, &stats);
+        netflow_flow_update_time(ofproto->netflow, &facet->nf_flow,
+                                 facet->used);
+        netflow_flow_update_flags(&facet->nf_flow, facet->tcp_flags);
+        update_mirror_stats(ofproto, facet->xout.mirrors, stats.n_packets,
+                            stats.n_bytes);
 
-        update_mirror_stats(ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto),
-                            facet->mirrors, stats.n_packets, stats.n_bytes);
+        xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, &facet->flow, &facet->initial_vals,
+                      facet->rule, stats.tcp_flags, NULL);
+        xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+        xin.may_learn = may_learn;
+        xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&xin);
     }
 }
 
@@ -5212,10 +5228,12 @@ push_all_stats__(bool run_fast)
     }
 
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofproto, all_ofproto_dpifs_node, &all_ofproto_dpifs) {
+        struct cls_cursor cursor;
         struct facet *facet;
 
-        HMAP_FOR_EACH (facet, hmap_node, &ofproto->facets) {
-            facet_push_stats(facet);
+        cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
+        CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH (facet, cr, &cursor) {
+            facet_push_stats(facet, false);
             if (run_fast) {
                 run_fast_rl();
             }
@@ -5238,25 +5256,6 @@ rule_credit_stats(struct rule_dpif *rule, const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
     rule->byte_count += stats->n_bytes;
     ofproto_rule_update_used(&rule->up, stats->used);
 }
-
-/* Pushes flow statistics to the rules which 'facet->flow' resubmits
- * into given 'facet->rule''s actions and mirrors. */
-static void
-flow_push_stats(struct facet *facet, const struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
-{
-    struct rule_dpif *rule = facet->rule;
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
-    struct subfacet *subfacet = facet_get_subfacet(facet);
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-
-    ofproto_rule_update_used(&rule->up, stats->used);
-
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &facet->flow,
-                          &subfacet->initial_vals, rule, 0, NULL);
-    ctx.resubmit_stats = stats;
-    xlate_actions_for_side_effects(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts,
-                                   rule->up.ofpacts_len);
-}
 \f
 /* Subfacets. */
 
@@ -5280,11 +5279,7 @@ subfacet_find(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
 /* Searches 'facet' (within 'ofproto') for a subfacet with the specified
  * 'key_fitness', 'key', and 'key_len' members in 'miss'.  Returns the
  * existing subfacet if there is one, otherwise creates and returns a
- * new subfacet.
- *
- * If the returned subfacet is new, then subfacet->actions will be NULL, in
- * which case the caller must populate the actions with
- * subfacet_make_actions(). */
+ * new subfacet. */
 static struct subfacet *
 subfacet_create(struct facet *facet, struct flow_miss *miss,
                 long long int now)
@@ -5325,13 +5320,7 @@ subfacet_create(struct facet *facet, struct flow_miss *miss,
     subfacet->created = now;
     subfacet->dp_packet_count = 0;
     subfacet->dp_byte_count = 0;
-    subfacet->actions_len = 0;
-    subfacet->actions = NULL;
-    subfacet->slow = (subfacet->key_fitness == ODP_FIT_TOO_LITTLE
-                      ? SLOW_MATCH
-                      : 0);
     subfacet->path = SF_NOT_INSTALLED;
-    subfacet->initial_vals = miss->initial_vals;
     subfacet->odp_in_port = miss->odp_in_port;
 
     ofproto->subfacet_add_count++;
@@ -5354,7 +5343,6 @@ subfacet_destroy__(struct subfacet *subfacet)
     hmap_remove(&ofproto->subfacets, &subfacet->hmap_node);
     list_remove(&subfacet->list_node);
     free(subfacet->key);
-    free(subfacet->actions);
     if (subfacet != &facet->one_subfacet) {
         free(subfacet);
     }
@@ -5401,38 +5389,6 @@ subfacet_destroy_batch(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
     }
 }
 
-/* Composes the datapath actions for 'subfacet' based on its rule's actions.
- * Translates the actions into 'odp_actions', which the caller must have
- * initialized and is responsible for uninitializing. */
-static void
-subfacet_make_actions(struct subfacet *subfacet, const struct ofpbuf *packet,
-                      struct ofpbuf *odp_actions)
-{
-    struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
-    struct rule_dpif *rule = facet->rule;
-    struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
-
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, &facet->flow,
-                          &subfacet->initial_vals, rule, 0, packet);
-    xlate_actions(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len, odp_actions);
-    facet->tags = ctx.tags;
-    facet->has_learn = ctx.has_learn;
-    facet->has_normal = ctx.has_normal;
-    facet->has_fin_timeout = ctx.has_fin_timeout;
-    facet->nf_flow.output_iface = ctx.nf_output_iface;
-    facet->mirrors = ctx.mirrors;
-
-    subfacet->slow = (subfacet->slow & SLOW_MATCH) | ctx.slow;
-    if (subfacet->actions_len != odp_actions->size
-        || memcmp(subfacet->actions, odp_actions->data, odp_actions->size)) {
-        free(subfacet->actions);
-        subfacet->actions_len = odp_actions->size;
-        subfacet->actions = xmemdup(odp_actions->data, odp_actions->size);
-    }
-}
-
 /* Updates 'subfacet''s datapath flow, setting its actions to 'actions_len'
  * bytes of actions in 'actions'.  If 'stats' is non-null, statistics counters
  * in the datapath will be zeroed and 'stats' will be updated with traffic new
@@ -5440,14 +5396,17 @@ subfacet_make_actions(struct subfacet *subfacet, const struct ofpbuf *packet,
  *
  * Returns 0 if successful, otherwise a positive errno value. */
 static int
-subfacet_install(struct subfacet *subfacet,
-                 const struct nlattr *actions, size_t actions_len,
-                 struct dpif_flow_stats *stats,
-                 enum slow_path_reason slow)
+subfacet_install(struct subfacet *subfacet, const struct ofpbuf *odp_actions,
+                 struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
 {
     struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(facet->rule->up.ofproto);
-    enum subfacet_path path = subfacet_want_path(slow);
+    enum subfacet_path path = facet->xout.slow ? SF_SLOW_PATH : SF_FAST_PATH;
+    const struct nlattr *actions = odp_actions->data;
+    size_t actions_len = odp_actions->size;
+    struct odputil_keybuf maskbuf;
+    struct ofpbuf mask;
+
     uint64_t slow_path_stub[128 / 8];
     enum dpif_flow_put_flags flags;
     int ret;
@@ -5458,31 +5417,31 @@ subfacet_install(struct subfacet *subfacet,
     }
 
     if (path == SF_SLOW_PATH) {
-        compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, slow,
+        compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, facet->xout.slow,
                           slow_path_stub, sizeof slow_path_stub,
                           &actions, &actions_len);
     }
 
+    ofpbuf_use_stack(&mask, &maskbuf, sizeof maskbuf);
+    odp_flow_key_from_mask(&mask, &facet->xout.wc.masks,
+                           &facet->flow, UINT32_MAX);
+
     ret = dpif_flow_put(ofproto->backer->dpif, flags, subfacet->key,
-                        subfacet->key_len, actions, actions_len, stats);
+                        subfacet->key_len,  mask.data, mask.size,
+                        actions, actions_len, stats);
 
     if (stats) {
         subfacet_reset_dp_stats(subfacet, stats);
     }
 
-    if (!ret) {
+    if (ret) {
+        COVERAGE_INC(subfacet_install_fail);
+    } else {
         subfacet->path = path;
     }
     return ret;
 }
 
-static int
-subfacet_reinstall(struct subfacet *subfacet, struct dpif_flow_stats *stats)
-{
-    return subfacet_install(subfacet, subfacet->actions, subfacet->actions_len,
-                            stats, subfacet->slow);
-}
-
 /* If 'subfacet' is installed in the datapath, uninstalls it. */
 static void
 subfacet_uninstall(struct subfacet *subfacet)
@@ -5526,17 +5485,6 @@ subfacet_reset_dp_stats(struct subfacet *subfacet,
     subfacet->dp_byte_count = 0;
 }
 
-/* Updates 'subfacet''s used time.  The caller is responsible for calling
- * facet_push_stats() to update the flows which 'subfacet' resubmits into. */
-static void
-subfacet_update_time(struct subfacet *subfacet, long long int used)
-{
-    if (used > subfacet->used) {
-        subfacet->used = used;
-        facet_update_time(subfacet->facet, used);
-    }
-}
-
 /* Folds the statistics from 'stats' into the counters in 'subfacet'.
  *
  * Because of the meaning of a subfacet's counters, it only makes sense to do
@@ -5550,22 +5498,25 @@ subfacet_update_stats(struct subfacet *subfacet,
     if (stats->n_packets || stats->used > subfacet->used) {
         struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
 
-        subfacet_update_time(subfacet, stats->used);
+        subfacet->used = MAX(subfacet->used, stats->used);
+        facet->used = MAX(facet->used, stats->used);
         facet->packet_count += stats->n_packets;
         facet->byte_count += stats->n_bytes;
         facet->tcp_flags |= stats->tcp_flags;
-        netflow_flow_update_flags(&facet->nf_flow, stats->tcp_flags);
     }
 }
 \f
 /* Rules. */
 
+/* Lookup 'flow' in 'ofproto''s classifier.  If 'wc' is non-null, sets
+ * the fields that were relevant as part of the lookup. */
 static struct rule_dpif *
-rule_dpif_lookup(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow)
+rule_dpif_lookup(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
+                 struct flow_wildcards *wc)
 {
     struct rule_dpif *rule;
 
-    rule = rule_dpif_lookup__(ofproto, flow, 0);
+    rule = rule_dpif_lookup__(ofproto, flow, wc, 0);
     if (rule) {
         return rule;
     }
@@ -5575,26 +5526,36 @@ rule_dpif_lookup(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow)
 
 static struct rule_dpif *
 rule_dpif_lookup__(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
-                   uint8_t table_id)
+                   struct flow_wildcards *wc, uint8_t table_id)
 {
     struct cls_rule *cls_rule;
     struct classifier *cls;
+    bool frag;
 
     if (table_id >= N_TABLES) {
         return NULL;
     }
 
+    if (wc) {
+        memset(&wc->masks.dl_type, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.dl_type);
+        wc->masks.nw_frag |= FLOW_NW_FRAG_MASK;
+    }
+
     cls = &ofproto->up.tables[table_id].cls;
-    if (flow->nw_frag & FLOW_NW_FRAG_ANY
-        && ofproto->up.frag_handling == OFPC_FRAG_NORMAL) {
-        /* For OFPC_NORMAL frag_handling, we must pretend that transport ports
-         * are unavailable. */
+    frag = (flow->nw_frag & FLOW_NW_FRAG_ANY) != 0;
+    if (frag && ofproto->up.frag_handling == OFPC_FRAG_NORMAL) {
+        /* We must pretend that transport ports are unavailable. */
         struct flow ofpc_normal_flow = *flow;
         ofpc_normal_flow.tp_src = htons(0);
         ofpc_normal_flow.tp_dst = htons(0);
-        cls_rule = classifier_lookup(cls, &ofpc_normal_flow);
+        cls_rule = classifier_lookup(cls, &ofpc_normal_flow, wc);
+    } else if (frag && ofproto->up.frag_handling == OFPC_FRAG_DROP) {
+        cls_rule = &ofproto->drop_frags_rule->up.cr;
+        if (wc) {
+            flow_wildcards_init_exact(wc);
+        }
     } else {
-        cls_rule = classifier_lookup(cls, flow);
+        cls_rule = classifier_lookup(cls, flow, wc);
     }
     return rule_dpif_cast(rule_from_cls_rule(cls_rule));
 }
@@ -5711,7 +5672,6 @@ static void
 rule_get_stats(struct rule *rule_, uint64_t *packets, uint64_t *bytes)
 {
     struct rule_dpif *rule = rule_dpif_cast(rule_);
-    struct facet *facet;
 
     /* push_all_stats() can handle flow misses which, when using the learn
      * action, can cause rules to be added and deleted.  This can corrupt our
@@ -5723,14 +5683,6 @@ rule_get_stats(struct rule *rule_, uint64_t *packets, uint64_t *bytes)
      * in facets.  This counts, for example, facets that have expired. */
     *packets = rule->packet_count;
     *bytes = rule->byte_count;
-
-    /* Add any statistics that are tracked by facets.  This includes
-     * statistical data recently updated by ofproto_update_stats() as well as
-     * stats for packets that were executed "by hand" via dpif_execute(). */
-    LIST_FOR_EACH (facet, list_node, &rule->facets) {
-        *packets += facet->packet_count;
-        *bytes += facet->byte_count;
-    }
 }
 
 static void
@@ -5740,25 +5692,23 @@ rule_dpif_execute(struct rule_dpif *rule, const struct flow *flow,
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(rule->up.ofproto);
     struct initial_vals initial_vals;
     struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
 
     dpif_flow_stats_extract(flow, packet, time_msec(), &stats);
     rule_credit_stats(rule, &stats);
 
     initial_vals.vlan_tci = flow->vlan_tci;
     initial_vals.tunnel_ip_tos = flow->tunnel.ip_tos;
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, flow, &initial_vals,
-                          rule, stats.tcp_flags, packet);
-    ctx.resubmit_stats = &stats;
-    xlate_actions(&ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len, &odp_actions);
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, flow, &initial_vals, rule, stats.tcp_flags,
+                  packet);
+    xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
 
-    execute_odp_actions(ofproto, flow, odp_actions.data,
-                        odp_actions.size, packet);
+    execute_odp_actions(ofproto, flow, xout.odp_actions.data,
+                        xout.odp_actions.size, packet);
 
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
 }
 
 static enum ofperr
@@ -5810,7 +5760,7 @@ send_packet(const struct ofport_dpif *ofport, struct ofpbuf *packet)
 
         flow.in_port = peer->up.ofp_port;
         peer_ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(peer->up.ofproto);
-        rule = rule_dpif_lookup(peer_ofproto, &flow);
+        rule = rule_dpif_lookup(peer_ofproto, &flow, NULL);
         rule_dpif_execute(rule, &flow, packet);
 
         return 0;
@@ -5819,9 +5769,10 @@ send_packet(const struct ofport_dpif *ofport, struct ofpbuf *packet)
     ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
 
     if (ofport->tnl_port) {
+        struct flow_wildcards wc;
         struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
 
-        odp_port = tnl_port_send(ofport->tnl_port, &flow);
+        odp_port = tnl_port_send(ofport->tnl_port, &flow, &wc);
         if (odp_port == OVSP_NONE) {
             return ENODEV;
         }
@@ -5863,10 +5814,10 @@ send_packet(const struct ofport_dpif *ofport, struct ofpbuf *packet)
 \f
 /* OpenFlow to datapath action translation. */
 
-static bool may_receive(const struct ofport_dpif *, struct action_xlate_ctx *);
+static bool may_receive(const struct ofport_dpif *, struct xlate_ctx *);
 static void do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *, size_t ofpacts_len,
-                             struct action_xlate_ctx *);
-static void xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *);
+                             struct xlate_ctx *);
+static void xlate_normal(struct xlate_ctx *);
 
 /* Composes an ODP action for a "slow path" action for 'flow' within 'ofproto'.
  * The action will state 'slow' as the reason that the action is in the slow
@@ -6042,11 +5993,11 @@ compose_ipfix_action(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
  * actions.  At this point we do not have all information required to
  * build it. So try to build sample action as complete as possible. */
 static void
-add_sflow_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+add_sflow_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
     ctx->user_cookie_offset = compose_sflow_action(ctx->ofproto,
-                                                   ctx->odp_actions,
-                                                   &ctx->flow, OVSP_NONE);
+                                                   &ctx->xout->odp_actions,
+                                                   &ctx->xin->flow, OVSP_NONE);
     ctx->sflow_odp_port = 0;
     ctx->sflow_n_outputs = 0;
 }
@@ -6054,16 +6005,17 @@ add_sflow_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
 /* SAMPLE action for IPFIX must be 1st or 2nd action in any given list
  * of actions, eventually after the SAMPLE action for sFlow. */
 static void
-add_ipfix_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+add_ipfix_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
-    compose_ipfix_action(ctx->ofproto, ctx->odp_actions, &ctx->flow);
+    compose_ipfix_action(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xout->odp_actions,
+                         &ctx->xin->flow);
 }
 
 /* Fix SAMPLE action according to data collected while composing ODP actions.
  * We need to fix SAMPLE actions OVS_SAMPLE_ATTR_ACTIONS attribute, i.e. nested
  * USERSPACE action's user-cookie which is required for sflow. */
 static void
-fix_sflow_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+fix_sflow_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
     const struct flow *base = &ctx->base_flow;
     union user_action_cookie *cookie;
@@ -6072,7 +6024,7 @@ fix_sflow_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
         return;
     }
 
-    cookie = ofpbuf_at(ctx->odp_actions, ctx->user_cookie_offset,
+    cookie = ofpbuf_at(&ctx->xout->odp_actions, ctx->user_cookie_offset,
                        sizeof cookie->sflow);
     ovs_assert(cookie->type == USER_ACTION_COOKIE_SFLOW);
 
@@ -6081,10 +6033,11 @@ fix_sflow_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
 }
 
 static void
-compose_output_action__(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port,
+compose_output_action__(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port,
                         bool check_stp)
 {
     const struct ofport_dpif *ofport = get_ofp_port(ctx->ofproto, ofp_port);
+    struct flow_wildcards *wc = &ctx->xout->wc;
     ovs_be16 flow_vlan_tci;
     uint32_t flow_skb_mark;
     uint8_t flow_nw_tos;
@@ -6108,7 +6061,7 @@ compose_output_action__(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port,
 
     if (netdev_vport_is_patch(ofport->up.netdev)) {
         struct ofport_dpif *peer = ofport_get_peer(ofport);
-        struct flow old_flow = ctx->flow;
+        struct flow old_flow = ctx->xin->flow;
         const struct ofproto_dpif *peer_ofproto;
         enum slow_path_reason special;
         struct ofport_dpif *in_port;
@@ -6125,49 +6078,50 @@ compose_output_action__(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port,
         }
 
         ctx->ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(peer->up.ofproto);
-        ctx->flow.in_port = peer->up.ofp_port;
-        ctx->flow.metadata = htonll(0);
-        memset(&ctx->flow.tunnel, 0, sizeof ctx->flow.tunnel);
-        memset(ctx->flow.regs, 0, sizeof ctx->flow.regs);
-
-        in_port = get_ofp_port(ctx->ofproto, ctx->flow.in_port);
-        special = process_special(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->flow, in_port,
-                                  ctx->packet);
+        ctx->xin->flow.in_port = peer->up.ofp_port;
+        ctx->xin->flow.metadata = htonll(0);
+        memset(&ctx->xin->flow.tunnel, 0, sizeof ctx->xin->flow.tunnel);
+        memset(ctx->xin->flow.regs, 0, sizeof ctx->xin->flow.regs);
+
+        in_port = get_ofp_port(ctx->ofproto, ctx->xin->flow.in_port);
+        special = process_special(ctx, &ctx->xin->flow, in_port,
+                                  ctx->xin->packet);
         if (special) {
-            ctx->slow |= special;
+            ctx->xout->slow = special;
         } else if (!in_port || may_receive(in_port, ctx)) {
             if (!in_port || stp_forward_in_state(in_port->stp_state)) {
-                xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->flow.in_port, 0, true);
+                xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->xin->flow.in_port, 0, true);
             } else {
                 /* Forwarding is disabled by STP.  Let OFPP_NORMAL and the
                  * learning action look at the packet, then drop it. */
                 struct flow old_base_flow = ctx->base_flow;
-                size_t old_size = ctx->odp_actions->size;
-                xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->flow.in_port, 0, true);
+                size_t old_size = ctx->xout->odp_actions.size;
+                xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->xin->flow.in_port, 0, true);
                 ctx->base_flow = old_base_flow;
-                ctx->odp_actions->size = old_size;
+                ctx->xout->odp_actions.size = old_size;
             }
         }
 
-        ctx->flow = old_flow;
+        ctx->xin->flow = old_flow;
         ctx->ofproto = ofproto_dpif_cast(ofport->up.ofproto);
 
-        if (ctx->resubmit_stats) {
-            netdev_vport_inc_tx(ofport->up.netdev, ctx->resubmit_stats);
-            netdev_vport_inc_rx(peer->up.netdev, ctx->resubmit_stats);
+        if (ctx->xin->resubmit_stats) {
+            netdev_vport_inc_tx(ofport->up.netdev, ctx->xin->resubmit_stats);
+            netdev_vport_inc_rx(peer->up.netdev, ctx->xin->resubmit_stats);
         }
 
         return;
     }
 
-    flow_vlan_tci = ctx->flow.vlan_tci;
-    flow_skb_mark = ctx->flow.skb_mark;
-    flow_nw_tos = ctx->flow.nw_tos;
+    flow_vlan_tci = ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci;
+    flow_skb_mark = ctx->xin->flow.skb_mark;
+    flow_nw_tos = ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos;
 
-    pdscp = get_priority(ofport, ctx->flow.skb_priority);
+    pdscp = get_priority(ofport, ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority);
     if (pdscp) {
-        ctx->flow.nw_tos &= ~IP_DSCP_MASK;
-        ctx->flow.nw_tos |= pdscp->dscp;
+        wc->masks.nw_tos |= IP_ECN_MASK;
+        ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos &= ~IP_DSCP_MASK;
+        ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos |= pdscp->dscp;
     }
 
     if (ofport->tnl_port) {
@@ -6175,51 +6129,61 @@ compose_output_action__(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port,
           * the Logical (tunnel) Port are not visible for any further
           * matches, while explicit set actions on tunnel metadata are.
           */
-        struct flow_tnl flow_tnl = ctx->flow.tunnel;
-        odp_port = tnl_port_send(ofport->tnl_port, &ctx->flow);
+        struct flow_tnl flow_tnl = ctx->xin->flow.tunnel;
+        odp_port = tnl_port_send(ofport->tnl_port, &ctx->xin->flow,
+                                 &ctx->xout->wc);
         if (odp_port == OVSP_NONE) {
             xlate_report(ctx, "Tunneling decided against output");
             goto out; /* restore flow_nw_tos */
         }
 
-        if (ctx->resubmit_stats) {
-            netdev_vport_inc_tx(ofport->up.netdev, ctx->resubmit_stats);
+        if (ctx->xin->resubmit_stats) {
+            netdev_vport_inc_tx(ofport->up.netdev, ctx->xin->resubmit_stats);
         }
         out_port = odp_port;
-        commit_odp_tunnel_action(&ctx->flow, &ctx->base_flow,
-                                 ctx->odp_actions);
-        ctx->flow.tunnel = flow_tnl; /* Restore tunnel metadata */
+        commit_odp_tunnel_action(&ctx->xin->flow, &ctx->base_flow,
+                                 &ctx->xout->odp_actions);
+        ctx->xin->flow.tunnel = flow_tnl; /* Restore tunnel metadata */
     } else {
+        uint16_t vlandev_port;
+
         odp_port = ofport->odp_port;
-        out_port = vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(ctx->ofproto, odp_port,
-                                          ctx->flow.vlan_tci);
-        if (out_port != odp_port) {
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci = htons(0);
+        if (!hmap_is_empty(&ctx->ofproto->realdev_vid_map)) {
+            wc->masks.vlan_tci |= htons(VLAN_VID_MASK | VLAN_CFI);
         }
-        ctx->flow.skb_mark &= ~IPSEC_MARK;
+        vlandev_port = vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(ctx->ofproto, ofp_port,
+                                              ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci);
+        if (vlandev_port == ofp_port) {
+            out_port = odp_port;
+        } else {
+            out_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ctx->ofproto, vlandev_port);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = htons(0);
+        }
+        ctx->xin->flow.skb_mark &= ~IPSEC_MARK;
     }
-    commit_odp_actions(&ctx->flow, &ctx->base_flow, ctx->odp_actions);
-    nl_msg_put_u32(ctx->odp_actions, OVS_ACTION_ATTR_OUTPUT, out_port);
+    commit_odp_actions(&ctx->xin->flow, &ctx->base_flow,
+                       &ctx->xout->odp_actions, &ctx->xout->wc);
+    nl_msg_put_u32(&ctx->xout->odp_actions, OVS_ACTION_ATTR_OUTPUT, out_port);
 
     ctx->sflow_odp_port = odp_port;
     ctx->sflow_n_outputs++;
-    ctx->nf_output_iface = ofp_port;
+    ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = ofp_port;
 
     /* Restore flow */
-    ctx->flow.vlan_tci = flow_vlan_tci;
-    ctx->flow.skb_mark = flow_skb_mark;
+    ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = flow_vlan_tci;
+    ctx->xin->flow.skb_mark = flow_skb_mark;
  out:
-    ctx->flow.nw_tos = flow_nw_tos;
+    ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos = flow_nw_tos;
 }
 
 static void
-compose_output_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port)
+compose_output_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, uint16_t ofp_port)
 {
     compose_output_action__(ctx, ofp_port, true);
 }
 
 static void
-tag_the_flow(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
+tag_the_flow(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ctx->ofproto;
     uint8_t table_id = ctx->table_id;
@@ -6227,22 +6191,22 @@ tag_the_flow(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
     if (table_id > 0 && table_id < N_TABLES) {
         struct table_dpif *table = &ofproto->tables[table_id];
         if (table->other_table) {
-            ctx->tags |= (rule && rule->tag
-                          ? rule->tag
-                          : rule_calculate_tag(&ctx->flow,
-                                               &table->other_table->mask,
-                                               table->basis));
+            ctx->xout->tags |= (rule && rule->tag
+                                ? rule->tag
+                                : rule_calculate_tag(&ctx->xin->flow,
+                                                     &table->other_table->mask,
+                                                     table->basis));
         }
     }
 }
 
 /* Common rule processing in one place to avoid duplicating code. */
 static struct rule_dpif *
-ctx_rule_hooks(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule,
+ctx_rule_hooks(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule,
                bool may_packet_in)
 {
-    if (ctx->resubmit_hook) {
-        ctx->resubmit_hook(ctx, rule);
+    if (ctx->xin->resubmit_hook) {
+        ctx->xin->resubmit_hook(ctx, rule);
     }
     if (rule == NULL && may_packet_in) {
         /* XXX
@@ -6252,34 +6216,35 @@ ctx_rule_hooks(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule,
          * OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_DROP
          * When OF1.0, OFPTC_TABLE_MISS_CONTINUE is used. What to do?
          */
-        rule = rule_dpif_miss_rule(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->flow);
+        rule = rule_dpif_miss_rule(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xin->flow);
     }
-    if (rule && ctx->resubmit_stats) {
-        rule_credit_stats(rule, ctx->resubmit_stats);
+    if (rule && ctx->xin->resubmit_stats) {
+        rule_credit_stats(rule, ctx->xin->resubmit_stats);
     }
     return rule;
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_table_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_table_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                    uint16_t in_port, uint8_t table_id, bool may_packet_in)
 {
     if (ctx->recurse < MAX_RESUBMIT_RECURSION) {
         struct rule_dpif *rule;
-        uint16_t old_in_port = ctx->flow.in_port;
+        uint16_t old_in_port = ctx->xin->flow.in_port;
         uint8_t old_table_id = ctx->table_id;
 
         ctx->table_id = table_id;
 
         /* Look up a flow with 'in_port' as the input port. */
-        ctx->flow.in_port = in_port;
-        rule = rule_dpif_lookup__(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->flow, table_id);
+        ctx->xin->flow.in_port = in_port;
+        rule = rule_dpif_lookup__(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xin->flow,
+                                  &ctx->xout->wc, table_id);
 
         tag_the_flow(ctx, rule);
 
         /* Restore the original input port.  Otherwise OFPP_NORMAL and
          * OFPP_IN_PORT will have surprising behavior. */
-        ctx->flow.in_port = old_in_port;
+        ctx->xin->flow.in_port = old_in_port;
 
         rule = ctx_rule_hooks(ctx, rule, may_packet_in);
 
@@ -6304,7 +6269,7 @@ xlate_table_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_ofpact_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_ofpact_resubmit(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                       const struct ofpact_resubmit *resubmit)
 {
     uint16_t in_port;
@@ -6312,7 +6277,7 @@ xlate_ofpact_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
 
     in_port = resubmit->in_port;
     if (in_port == OFPP_IN_PORT) {
-        in_port = ctx->flow.in_port;
+        in_port = ctx->xin->flow.in_port;
     }
 
     table_id = resubmit->table_id;
@@ -6324,14 +6289,14 @@ xlate_ofpact_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
 }
 
 static void
-flood_packets(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, bool all)
+flood_packets(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, bool all)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *ofport;
 
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (ofport, up.hmap_node, &ctx->ofproto->up.ports) {
         uint16_t ofp_port = ofport->up.ofp_port;
 
-        if (ofp_port == ctx->flow.in_port) {
+        if (ofp_port == ctx->xin->flow.in_port) {
             continue;
         }
 
@@ -6342,23 +6307,24 @@ flood_packets(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, bool all)
         }
     }
 
-    ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
+    ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
 }
 
 static void
-execute_controller_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, int len,
+execute_controller_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, int len,
                           enum ofp_packet_in_reason reason,
                           uint16_t controller_id)
 {
     struct ofputil_packet_in pin;
     struct ofpbuf *packet;
 
-    ctx->slow |= SLOW_CONTROLLER;
-    if (!ctx->packet) {
+    ovs_assert(!ctx->xout->slow || ctx->xout->slow == SLOW_CONTROLLER);
+    ctx->xout->slow = SLOW_CONTROLLER;
+    if (!ctx->xin->packet) {
         return;
     }
 
-    packet = ofpbuf_clone(ctx->packet);
+    packet = ofpbuf_clone(ctx->xin->packet);
 
     if (packet->l2 && packet->l3) {
         struct eth_header *eh;
@@ -6367,36 +6333,37 @@ execute_controller_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, int len,
         eth_pop_vlan(packet);
         eh = packet->l2;
 
-        memcpy(eh->eth_src, ctx->flow.dl_src, sizeof eh->eth_src);
-        memcpy(eh->eth_dst, ctx->flow.dl_dst, sizeof eh->eth_dst);
+        memcpy(eh->eth_src, ctx->xin->flow.dl_src, sizeof eh->eth_src);
+        memcpy(eh->eth_dst, ctx->xin->flow.dl_dst, sizeof eh->eth_dst);
 
-        if (ctx->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_CFI)) {
-            eth_push_vlan(packet, ctx->flow.vlan_tci);
+        if (ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_CFI)) {
+            eth_push_vlan(packet, ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci);
         }
 
         mpls_depth = eth_mpls_depth(packet);
 
-        if (mpls_depth < ctx->flow.mpls_depth) {
-            push_mpls(packet, ctx->flow.dl_type, ctx->flow.mpls_lse);
-        } else if (mpls_depth > ctx->flow.mpls_depth) {
-            pop_mpls(packet, ctx->flow.dl_type);
+        if (mpls_depth < ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth) {
+            push_mpls(packet, ctx->xin->flow.dl_type, ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse);
+        } else if (mpls_depth > ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth) {
+            pop_mpls(packet, ctx->xin->flow.dl_type);
         } else if (mpls_depth) {
-            set_mpls_lse(packet, ctx->flow.mpls_lse);
+            set_mpls_lse(packet, ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse);
         }
 
         if (packet->l4) {
-            if (ctx->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
-                packet_set_ipv4(packet, ctx->flow.nw_src, ctx->flow.nw_dst,
-                                ctx->flow.nw_tos, ctx->flow.nw_ttl);
+            if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
+                packet_set_ipv4(packet, ctx->xin->flow.nw_src,
+                                ctx->xin->flow.nw_dst, ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos,
+                                ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl);
             }
 
             if (packet->l7) {
-                if (ctx->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_TCP) {
-                    packet_set_tcp_port(packet, ctx->flow.tp_src,
-                                        ctx->flow.tp_dst);
-                } else if (ctx->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_UDP) {
-                    packet_set_udp_port(packet, ctx->flow.tp_src,
-                                        ctx->flow.tp_dst);
+                if (ctx->xin->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_TCP) {
+                    packet_set_tcp_port(packet, ctx->xin->flow.tp_src,
+                                        ctx->xin->flow.tp_dst);
+                } else if (ctx->xin->flow.nw_proto == IPPROTO_UDP) {
+                    packet_set_udp_port(packet, ctx->xin->flow.tp_src,
+                                        ctx->xin->flow.tp_dst);
                 }
             }
         }
@@ -6410,62 +6377,74 @@ execute_controller_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, int len,
     pin.cookie = ctx->rule ? ctx->rule->up.flow_cookie : 0;
 
     pin.send_len = len;
-    flow_get_metadata(&ctx->flow, &pin.fmd);
+    flow_get_metadata(&ctx->xin->flow, &pin.fmd);
 
     connmgr_send_packet_in(ctx->ofproto->up.connmgr, &pin);
     ofpbuf_delete(packet);
 }
 
 static void
-execute_mpls_push_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, ovs_be16 eth_type)
+execute_mpls_push_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, ovs_be16 eth_type)
 {
+    struct flow_wildcards *wc = &ctx->xout->wc;
     ovs_assert(eth_type_mpls(eth_type));
 
+    memset(&wc->masks.mpls_lse, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.mpls_lse);
+    memset(&wc->masks.mpls_depth, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.mpls_depth);
+
     if (ctx->base_flow.mpls_depth) {
-        ctx->flow.mpls_lse &= ~htonl(MPLS_BOS_MASK);
-        ctx->flow.mpls_depth++;
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse &= ~htonl(MPLS_BOS_MASK);
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth++;
     } else {
         ovs_be32 label;
         uint8_t tc, ttl;
 
-        if (ctx->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IPV6)) {
+        if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IPV6)) {
             label = htonl(0x2); /* IPV6 Explicit Null. */
         } else {
             label = htonl(0x0); /* IPV4 Explicit Null. */
         }
-        tc = (ctx->flow.nw_tos & IP_DSCP_MASK) >> 2;
-        ttl = ctx->flow.nw_ttl ? ctx->flow.nw_ttl : 0x40;
-        ctx->flow.mpls_lse = set_mpls_lse_values(ttl, tc, 1, label);
-        ctx->flow.mpls_depth = 1;
+        wc->masks.nw_tos |= IP_DSCP_MASK;
+        wc->masks.nw_ttl = 0xff;
+        tc = (ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos & IP_DSCP_MASK) >> 2;
+        ttl = ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl ? ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl : 0x40;
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse = set_mpls_lse_values(ttl, tc, 1, label);
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth = 1;
     }
-    ctx->flow.dl_type = eth_type;
+    ctx->xin->flow.dl_type = eth_type;
 }
 
 static void
-execute_mpls_pop_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, ovs_be16 eth_type)
+execute_mpls_pop_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, ovs_be16 eth_type)
 {
-    ovs_assert(eth_type_mpls(ctx->flow.dl_type));
+    struct flow_wildcards *wc = &ctx->xout->wc;
+
+    ovs_assert(eth_type_mpls(ctx->xin->flow.dl_type));
     ovs_assert(!eth_type_mpls(eth_type));
 
-    if (ctx->flow.mpls_depth) {
-        ctx->flow.mpls_depth--;
-        ctx->flow.mpls_lse = htonl(0);
-        if (!ctx->flow.mpls_depth) {
-            ctx->flow.dl_type = eth_type;
+    memset(&wc->masks.mpls_lse, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.mpls_lse);
+    memset(&wc->masks.mpls_depth, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.mpls_depth);
+
+    if (ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth) {
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth--;
+        ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse = htonl(0);
+        if (!ctx->xin->flow.mpls_depth) {
+            ctx->xin->flow.dl_type = eth_type;
         }
     }
 }
 
 static bool
-compose_dec_ttl(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofpact_cnt_ids *ids)
+compose_dec_ttl(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofpact_cnt_ids *ids)
 {
-    if (ctx->flow.dl_type != htons(ETH_TYPE_IP) &&
-        ctx->flow.dl_type != htons(ETH_TYPE_IPV6)) {
+    if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type != htons(ETH_TYPE_IP) &&
+        ctx->xin->flow.dl_type != htons(ETH_TYPE_IPV6)) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (ctx->flow.nw_ttl > 1) {
-        ctx->flow.nw_ttl--;
+    ctx->xout->wc.masks.nw_ttl = 0xff;
+    if (ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl > 1) {
+        ctx->xin->flow.nw_ttl--;
         return false;
     } else {
         size_t i;
@@ -6481,28 +6460,31 @@ compose_dec_ttl(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofpact_cnt_ids *ids)
 }
 
 static bool
-execute_set_mpls_ttl_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint8_t ttl)
+execute_set_mpls_ttl_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, uint8_t ttl)
 {
-    if (!eth_type_mpls(ctx->flow.dl_type)) {
+    if (!eth_type_mpls(ctx->xin->flow.dl_type)) {
         return true;
     }
 
-    set_mpls_lse_ttl(&ctx->flow.mpls_lse, ttl);
+    set_mpls_lse_ttl(&ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse, ttl);
     return false;
 }
 
 static bool
-execute_dec_mpls_ttl_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+execute_dec_mpls_ttl_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
-    uint8_t ttl = mpls_lse_to_ttl(ctx->flow.mpls_lse);
+    uint8_t ttl = mpls_lse_to_ttl(ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse);
+    struct flow_wildcards *wc = &ctx->xout->wc;
+
+    memset(&wc->masks.mpls_lse, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.mpls_lse);
 
-    if (!eth_type_mpls(ctx->flow.dl_type)) {
+    if (!eth_type_mpls(ctx->xin->flow.dl_type)) {
         return false;
     }
 
     if (ttl > 1) {
         ttl--;
-        set_mpls_lse_ttl(&ctx->flow.mpls_lse, ttl);
+        set_mpls_lse_ttl(&ctx->xin->flow.mpls_lse, ttl);
         return false;
     } else {
         execute_controller_action(ctx, UINT16_MAX, OFPR_INVALID_TTL, 0);
@@ -6513,19 +6495,19 @@ execute_dec_mpls_ttl_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_output_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_output_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                     uint16_t port, uint16_t max_len, bool may_packet_in)
 {
-    uint16_t prev_nf_output_iface = ctx->nf_output_iface;
+    uint16_t prev_nf_output_iface = ctx->xout->nf_output_iface;
 
-    ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_DROP;
+    ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_DROP;
 
     switch (port) {
     case OFPP_IN_PORT:
-        compose_output_action(ctx, ctx->flow.in_port);
+        compose_output_action(ctx, ctx->xin->flow.in_port);
         break;
     case OFPP_TABLE:
-        xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->flow.in_port, 0, may_packet_in);
+        xlate_table_action(ctx, ctx->xin->flow.in_port, 0, may_packet_in);
         break;
     case OFPP_NORMAL:
         xlate_normal(ctx);
@@ -6543,7 +6525,7 @@ xlate_output_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
         break;
     case OFPP_LOCAL:
     default:
-        if (port != ctx->flow.in_port) {
+        if (port != ctx->xin->flow.in_port) {
             compose_output_action(ctx, port);
         } else {
             xlate_report(ctx, "skipping output to input port");
@@ -6552,27 +6534,31 @@ xlate_output_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
     }
 
     if (prev_nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
-    } else if (ctx->nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_DROP) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = prev_nf_output_iface;
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
+    } else if (ctx->xout->nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_DROP) {
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = prev_nf_output_iface;
     } else if (prev_nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_DROP &&
-               ctx->nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_MULTI;
+               ctx->xout->nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_MULTI;
     }
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_output_reg_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_output_reg_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                         const struct ofpact_output_reg *or)
 {
-    uint64_t port = mf_get_subfield(&or->src, &ctx->flow);
+    uint64_t port = mf_get_subfield(&or->src, &ctx->xin->flow);
     if (port <= UINT16_MAX) {
+        union mf_subvalue value;
+
+        memset(&value, 0xff, sizeof value);
+        mf_write_subfield_flow(&or->src, &value, &ctx->xout->wc.masks);
         xlate_output_action(ctx, port, or->max_len, false);
     }
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_enqueue_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_enqueue_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                      const struct ofpact_enqueue *enqueue)
 {
     uint16_t ofp_port = enqueue->port;
@@ -6591,33 +6577,33 @@ xlate_enqueue_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
 
     /* Check output port. */
     if (ofp_port == OFPP_IN_PORT) {
-        ofp_port = ctx->flow.in_port;
-    } else if (ofp_port == ctx->flow.in_port) {
+        ofp_port = ctx->xin->flow.in_port;
+    } else if (ofp_port == ctx->xin->flow.in_port) {
         return;
     }
 
     /* Add datapath actions. */
-    flow_priority = ctx->flow.skb_priority;
-    ctx->flow.skb_priority = priority;
+    flow_priority = ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority;
+    ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority = priority;
     compose_output_action(ctx, ofp_port);
-    ctx->flow.skb_priority = flow_priority;
+    ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority = flow_priority;
 
     /* Update NetFlow output port. */
-    if (ctx->nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_DROP) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = ofp_port;
-    } else if (ctx->nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_MULTI;
+    if (ctx->xout->nf_output_iface == NF_OUT_DROP) {
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = ofp_port;
+    } else if (ctx->xout->nf_output_iface != NF_OUT_FLOOD) {
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_MULTI;
     }
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_set_queue_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, uint32_t queue_id)
+xlate_set_queue_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, uint32_t queue_id)
 {
     uint32_t skb_priority;
 
     if (!dpif_queue_to_priority(ctx->ofproto->backer->dpif,
                                 queue_id, &skb_priority)) {
-        ctx->flow.skb_priority = skb_priority;
+        ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority = skb_priority;
     } else {
         /* Couldn't translate queue to a priority.  Nothing to do.  A warning
          * has already been logged. */
@@ -6647,21 +6633,22 @@ slave_enabled_cb(uint16_t ofp_port, void *ofproto_)
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_bundle_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_bundle_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                     const struct ofpact_bundle *bundle)
 {
     uint16_t port;
 
-    port = bundle_execute(bundle, &ctx->flow, slave_enabled_cb, ctx->ofproto);
+    port = bundle_execute(bundle, &ctx->xin->flow, &ctx->xout->wc,
+                          slave_enabled_cb, ctx->ofproto);
     if (bundle->dst.field) {
-        nxm_reg_load(&bundle->dst, port, &ctx->flow);
+        nxm_reg_load(&bundle->dst, port, &ctx->xin->flow);
     } else {
         xlate_output_action(ctx, port, 0, false);
     }
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_learn_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_learn_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                    const struct ofpact_learn *learn)
 {
     static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(5, 1);
@@ -6670,8 +6657,16 @@ xlate_learn_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
     struct ofpbuf ofpacts;
     int error;
 
+    ctx->xout->has_learn = true;
+
+    learn_mask(learn, &ctx->xout->wc);
+
+    if (!ctx->xin->may_learn) {
+        return;
+    }
+
     ofpbuf_use_stack(&ofpacts, ofpacts_stub, sizeof ofpacts_stub);
-    learn_execute(learn, &ctx->flow, &fm, &ofpacts);
+    learn_execute(learn, &ctx->xin->flow, &fm, &ofpacts);
 
     error = ofproto_flow_mod(&ctx->ofproto->up, &fm);
     if (error && !VLOG_DROP_WARN(&rl)) {
@@ -6693,10 +6688,10 @@ reduce_timeout(uint16_t max, uint16_t *timeout)
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_fin_timeout(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_fin_timeout(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                   const struct ofpact_fin_timeout *oft)
 {
-    if (ctx->tcp_flags & (TCP_FIN | TCP_RST) && ctx->rule) {
+    if (ctx->xin->tcp_flags & (TCP_FIN | TCP_RST) && ctx->rule) {
         struct rule_dpif *rule = ctx->rule;
 
         reduce_timeout(oft->fin_idle_timeout, &rule->up.idle_timeout);
@@ -6705,7 +6700,7 @@ xlate_fin_timeout(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_sample_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
+xlate_sample_action(struct xlate_ctx *ctx,
                     const struct ofpact_sample *os)
 {
   union user_action_cookie cookie;
@@ -6713,18 +6708,20 @@ xlate_sample_action(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
    * the same percentage. */
   uint32_t probability = (os->probability << 16) | os->probability;
 
-  commit_odp_actions(&ctx->flow, &ctx->base_flow, ctx->odp_actions);
+  commit_odp_actions(&ctx->xin->flow, &ctx->base_flow,
+                     &ctx->xout->odp_actions, &ctx->xout->wc);
 
   compose_flow_sample_cookie(os->probability, os->collector_set_id,
                              os->obs_domain_id, os->obs_point_id, &cookie);
-  compose_sample_action(ctx->ofproto, ctx->odp_actions, &ctx->flow,
+  compose_sample_action(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xout->odp_actions, &ctx->xin->flow,
                         probability, &cookie, sizeof cookie.flow_sample);
 }
 
 static bool
-may_receive(const struct ofport_dpif *port, struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+may_receive(const struct ofport_dpif *port, struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
-    if (port->up.pp.config & (eth_addr_equals(ctx->flow.dl_dst, eth_addr_stp)
+    if (port->up.pp.config & (eth_addr_equals(ctx->xin->flow.dl_dst,
+                                              eth_addr_stp)
                               ? OFPUTIL_PC_NO_RECV_STP
                               : OFPUTIL_PC_NO_RECV)) {
         return false;
@@ -6743,7 +6740,7 @@ may_receive(const struct ofport_dpif *port, struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
 }
 
 static bool
-tunnel_ecn_ok(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+tunnel_ecn_ok(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
     if (is_ip_any(&ctx->base_flow)
         && (ctx->base_flow.tunnel.ip_tos & IP_ECN_MASK) == IP_ECN_CE) {
@@ -6753,7 +6750,7 @@ tunnel_ecn_ok(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
             return false;
         } else {
             /* Set the ECN CE value in the tunneled packet. */
-            ctx->flow.nw_tos |= IP_ECN_CE;
+            ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos |= IP_ECN_CE;
         }
     }
 
@@ -6762,7 +6759,7 @@ tunnel_ecn_ok(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
 
 static void
 do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
-                 struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+                 struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
     bool was_evictable = true;
     const struct ofpact *a;
@@ -6800,66 +6797,73 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_VLAN_VID:
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci &= ~htons(VLAN_VID_MASK);
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci |= (htons(ofpact_get_SET_VLAN_VID(a)->vlan_vid)
-                                   | htons(VLAN_CFI));
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci &= ~htons(VLAN_VID_MASK);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci |=
+                (htons(ofpact_get_SET_VLAN_VID(a)->vlan_vid)
+                 | htons(VLAN_CFI));
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_VLAN_PCP:
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci &= ~htons(VLAN_PCP_MASK);
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci |= htons((ofpact_get_SET_VLAN_PCP(a)->vlan_pcp
-                                         << VLAN_PCP_SHIFT)
-                                        | VLAN_CFI);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci &= ~htons(VLAN_PCP_MASK);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci |=
+                htons((ofpact_get_SET_VLAN_PCP(a)->vlan_pcp << VLAN_PCP_SHIFT)
+                      | VLAN_CFI);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_STRIP_VLAN:
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci = htons(0);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = htons(0);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_PUSH_VLAN:
             /* XXX 802.1AD(QinQ) */
-            ctx->flow.vlan_tci = htons(VLAN_CFI);
+            ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = htons(VLAN_CFI);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_ETH_SRC:
-            memcpy(ctx->flow.dl_src, ofpact_get_SET_ETH_SRC(a)->mac,
+            memcpy(ctx->xin->flow.dl_src, ofpact_get_SET_ETH_SRC(a)->mac,
                    ETH_ADDR_LEN);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_ETH_DST:
-            memcpy(ctx->flow.dl_dst, ofpact_get_SET_ETH_DST(a)->mac,
+            memcpy(ctx->xin->flow.dl_dst, ofpact_get_SET_ETH_DST(a)->mac,
                    ETH_ADDR_LEN);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_IPV4_SRC:
-            if (ctx->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
-                ctx->flow.nw_src = ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_SRC(a)->ipv4;
+            if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.nw_src = ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_SRC(a)->ipv4;
             }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_IPV4_DST:
-            if (ctx->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
-                ctx->flow.nw_dst = ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_DST(a)->ipv4;
+            if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.nw_dst = ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_DST(a)->ipv4;
             }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_IPV4_DSCP:
             /* OpenFlow 1.0 only supports IPv4. */
-            if (ctx->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
-                ctx->flow.nw_tos &= ~IP_DSCP_MASK;
-                ctx->flow.nw_tos |= ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_DSCP(a)->dscp;
+            if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_IP)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos &= ~IP_DSCP_MASK;
+                ctx->xin->flow.nw_tos |= ofpact_get_SET_IPV4_DSCP(a)->dscp;
             }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_L4_SRC_PORT:
-            if (is_ip_any(&ctx->flow)) {
-                ctx->flow.tp_src = htons(ofpact_get_SET_L4_SRC_PORT(a)->port);
+            memset(&ctx->xout->wc.masks.nw_proto, 0xff,
+                    sizeof ctx->xout->wc.masks.nw_proto);
+            if (is_ip_any(&ctx->xin->flow)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.tp_src =
+                    htons(ofpact_get_SET_L4_SRC_PORT(a)->port);
             }
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_L4_DST_PORT:
-            if (is_ip_any(&ctx->flow)) {
-                ctx->flow.tp_dst = htons(ofpact_get_SET_L4_DST_PORT(a)->port);
+            memset(&ctx->xout->wc.masks.nw_proto, 0xff,
+                    sizeof ctx->xout->wc.masks.nw_proto);
+            if (is_ip_any(&ctx->xin->flow)) {
+                ctx->xin->flow.tp_dst =
+                    htons(ofpact_get_SET_L4_DST_PORT(a)->port);
             }
             break;
 
@@ -6868,7 +6872,8 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_TUNNEL:
-            ctx->flow.tunnel.tun_id = htonll(ofpact_get_SET_TUNNEL(a)->tun_id);
+            ctx->xin->flow.tunnel.tun_id =
+                htonll(ofpact_get_SET_TUNNEL(a)->tun_id);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_QUEUE:
@@ -6876,24 +6881,25 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_POP_QUEUE:
-            ctx->flow.skb_priority = ctx->orig_skb_priority;
+            ctx->xin->flow.skb_priority = ctx->orig_skb_priority;
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_REG_MOVE:
-            nxm_execute_reg_move(ofpact_get_REG_MOVE(a), &ctx->flow);
+            nxm_execute_reg_move(ofpact_get_REG_MOVE(a), &ctx->xin->flow,
+                                 &ctx->xout->wc);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_REG_LOAD:
-            nxm_execute_reg_load(ofpact_get_REG_LOAD(a), &ctx->flow);
+            nxm_execute_reg_load(ofpact_get_REG_LOAD(a), &ctx->xin->flow);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_STACK_PUSH:
-            nxm_execute_stack_push(ofpact_get_STACK_PUSH(a), &ctx->flow,
-                                   &ctx->stack);
+            nxm_execute_stack_push(ofpact_get_STACK_PUSH(a), &ctx->xin->flow,
+                                   &ctx->xout->wc, &ctx->stack);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_STACK_POP:
-            nxm_execute_stack_pop(ofpact_get_STACK_POP(a), &ctx->flow,
+            nxm_execute_stack_pop(ofpact_get_STACK_POP(a), &ctx->xin->flow,
                                   &ctx->stack);
             break;
 
@@ -6906,7 +6912,8 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_SET_MPLS_TTL:
-            if (execute_set_mpls_ttl_action(ctx, ofpact_get_SET_MPLS_TTL(a)->ttl)) {
+            if (execute_set_mpls_ttl_action(ctx,
+                                            ofpact_get_SET_MPLS_TTL(a)->ttl)) {
                 goto out;
             }
             break;
@@ -6928,7 +6935,8 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_MULTIPATH:
-            multipath_execute(ofpact_get_MULTIPATH(a), &ctx->flow);
+            multipath_execute(ofpact_get_MULTIPATH(a), &ctx->xin->flow,
+                              &ctx->xout->wc);
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_BUNDLE:
@@ -6941,10 +6949,7 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_LEARN:
-            ctx->has_learn = true;
-            if (ctx->may_learn) {
-                xlate_learn_action(ctx, ofpact_get_LEARN(a));
-            }
+            xlate_learn_action(ctx, ofpact_get_LEARN(a));
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_EXIT:
@@ -6952,7 +6957,9 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_FIN_TIMEOUT:
-            ctx->has_fin_timeout = true;
+            memset(&ctx->xout->wc.masks.nw_proto, 0xff,
+                   sizeof ctx->xout->wc.masks.nw_proto);
+            ctx->xout->has_fin_timeout = true;
             xlate_fin_timeout(ctx, ofpact_get_FIN_TIMEOUT(a));
             break;
 
@@ -6966,8 +6973,8 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
 
         case OFPACT_WRITE_METADATA:
             metadata = ofpact_get_WRITE_METADATA(a);
-            ctx->flow.metadata &= ~metadata->mask;
-            ctx->flow.metadata |= metadata->metadata & metadata->mask;
+            ctx->xin->flow.metadata &= ~metadata->mask;
+            ctx->xin->flow.metadata |= metadata->metadata & metadata->mask;
             break;
 
         case OFPACT_GOTO_TABLE: {
@@ -6980,7 +6987,8 @@ do_xlate_actions(const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
             ctx->table_id = ogt->table_id;
 
             /* Look up a flow from the new table. */
-            rule = rule_dpif_lookup__(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->flow, ctx->table_id);
+            rule = rule_dpif_lookup__(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xin->flow,
+                                      &ctx->xout->wc, ctx->table_id);
 
             tag_the_flow(ctx, rule);
 
@@ -7015,13 +7023,59 @@ out:
 }
 
 static void
-action_xlate_ctx_init(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
-                      struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
-                      const struct initial_vals *initial_vals,
-                      struct rule_dpif *rule,
-                      uint8_t tcp_flags, const struct ofpbuf *packet)
+xlate_in_init(struct xlate_in *xin, struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
+              const struct flow *flow,
+              const struct initial_vals *initial_vals,
+              struct rule_dpif *rule, uint8_t tcp_flags,
+              const struct ofpbuf *packet)
+{
+    xin->ofproto = ofproto;
+    xin->flow = *flow;
+    xin->packet = packet;
+    xin->may_learn = packet != NULL;
+    xin->rule = rule;
+    xin->ofpacts = NULL;
+    xin->ofpacts_len = 0;
+    xin->tcp_flags = tcp_flags;
+    xin->resubmit_hook = NULL;
+    xin->report_hook = NULL;
+    xin->resubmit_stats = NULL;
+
+    if (initial_vals) {
+        xin->initial_vals = *initial_vals;
+    } else {
+        xin->initial_vals.vlan_tci = xin->flow.vlan_tci;
+        xin->initial_vals.tunnel_ip_tos = xin->flow.tunnel.ip_tos;
+    }
+}
+
+static void
+xlate_out_uninit(struct xlate_out *xout)
 {
-    ovs_be64 initial_tun_id = flow->tunnel.tun_id;
+    if (xout) {
+        ofpbuf_uninit(&xout->odp_actions);
+    }
+}
+
+/* Translates the 'ofpacts_len' bytes of "struct ofpacts" starting at 'ofpacts'
+ * into datapath actions in 'odp_actions', using 'ctx'. */
+static void
+xlate_actions(struct xlate_in *xin, struct xlate_out *xout)
+{
+    /* Normally false.  Set to true if we ever hit MAX_RESUBMIT_RECURSION, so
+     * that in the future we always keep a copy of the original flow for
+     * tracing purposes. */
+    static bool hit_resubmit_limit;
+    struct flow_wildcards *wc = &xout->wc;
+
+    enum slow_path_reason special;
+    const struct ofpact *ofpacts;
+    struct ofport_dpif *in_port;
+    struct flow orig_flow;
+    struct xlate_ctx ctx;
+    size_t ofpacts_len;
+
+    COVERAGE_INC(ofproto_dpif_xlate);
 
     /* Flow initialization rules:
      * - 'base_flow' must match the kernel's view of the packet at the
@@ -7044,71 +7098,74 @@ action_xlate_ctx_init(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
      *   kernel does.  If we wish to maintain the original values an action
      *   needs to be generated. */
 
-    ctx->ofproto = ofproto;
-    ctx->flow = *flow;
-    memset(&ctx->flow.tunnel, 0, sizeof ctx->flow.tunnel);
-    ctx->base_flow = ctx->flow;
-    ctx->base_flow.vlan_tci = initial_vals->vlan_tci;
-    ctx->base_flow.tunnel.ip_tos = initial_vals->tunnel_ip_tos;
-    ctx->flow.tunnel.tun_id = initial_tun_id;
-    ctx->rule = rule;
-    ctx->packet = packet;
-    ctx->may_learn = packet != NULL;
-    ctx->tcp_flags = tcp_flags;
-    ctx->resubmit_hook = NULL;
-    ctx->report_hook = NULL;
-    ctx->resubmit_stats = NULL;
-}
+    ctx.xin = xin;
+    ctx.xout = xout;
 
-/* Translates the 'ofpacts_len' bytes of "struct ofpacts" starting at 'ofpacts'
- * into datapath actions in 'odp_actions', using 'ctx'. */
-static void
-xlate_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
-              const struct ofpact *ofpacts, size_t ofpacts_len,
-              struct ofpbuf *odp_actions)
-{
-    /* Normally false.  Set to true if we ever hit MAX_RESUBMIT_RECURSION, so
-     * that in the future we always keep a copy of the original flow for
-     * tracing purposes. */
-    static bool hit_resubmit_limit;
+    ctx.ofproto = xin->ofproto;
+    ctx.rule = xin->rule;
 
-    enum slow_path_reason special;
-    struct ofport_dpif *in_port;
-    struct flow orig_flow;
+    ctx.base_flow = ctx.xin->flow;
+    memset(&ctx.base_flow.tunnel, 0, sizeof ctx.base_flow.tunnel);
+    ctx.base_flow.vlan_tci = xin->initial_vals.vlan_tci;
+    ctx.base_flow.tunnel.ip_tos = xin->initial_vals.tunnel_ip_tos;
 
-    COVERAGE_INC(ofproto_dpif_xlate);
+    flow_wildcards_init_catchall(&ctx.xout->wc);
+    memset(&wc->masks.in_port, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.in_port);
+    memset(&wc->masks.skb_priority, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.skb_priority);
+    memset(&wc->masks.dl_type, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.dl_type);
+    wc->masks.nw_frag |= FLOW_NW_FRAG_MASK;
+
+    if (tnl_port_should_receive(&ctx.xin->flow)) {
+        memset(&wc->masks.tunnel, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.tunnel);
+    }
+
+    /* Disable most wildcarding for NetFlow. */
+    if (xin->ofproto->netflow) {
+        netflow_mask_wc(wc);
+    }
+
+    ctx.xout->tags = 0;
+    ctx.xout->slow = 0;
+    ctx.xout->has_learn = false;
+    ctx.xout->has_normal = false;
+    ctx.xout->has_fin_timeout = false;
+    ctx.xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_DROP;
+    ctx.xout->mirrors = 0;
 
-    ofpbuf_clear(odp_actions);
-    ofpbuf_reserve(odp_actions, NL_A_U32_SIZE);
-
-    ctx->odp_actions = odp_actions;
-    ctx->tags = 0;
-    ctx->slow = 0;
-    ctx->has_learn = false;
-    ctx->has_normal = false;
-    ctx->has_fin_timeout = false;
-    ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_DROP;
-    ctx->mirrors = 0;
-    ctx->recurse = 0;
-    ctx->max_resubmit_trigger = false;
-    ctx->orig_skb_priority = ctx->flow.skb_priority;
-    ctx->table_id = 0;
-    ctx->exit = false;
-
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&ctx->stack, ctx->init_stack, sizeof ctx->init_stack);
-
-    if (ctx->ofproto->has_mirrors || hit_resubmit_limit) {
+    ofpbuf_use_stub(&ctx.xout->odp_actions, ctx.xout->odp_actions_stub,
+                    sizeof ctx.xout->odp_actions_stub);
+    ofpbuf_reserve(&ctx.xout->odp_actions, NL_A_U32_SIZE);
+
+    ctx.recurse = 0;
+    ctx.max_resubmit_trigger = false;
+    ctx.orig_skb_priority = ctx.xin->flow.skb_priority;
+    ctx.table_id = 0;
+    ctx.exit = false;
+
+    if (xin->ofpacts) {
+        ofpacts = xin->ofpacts;
+        ofpacts_len = xin->ofpacts_len;
+    } else if (xin->rule) {
+        ofpacts = xin->rule->up.ofpacts;
+        ofpacts_len = xin->rule->up.ofpacts_len;
+    } else {
+        NOT_REACHED();
+    }
+
+    ofpbuf_use_stub(&ctx.stack, ctx.init_stack, sizeof ctx.init_stack);
+
+    if (ctx.ofproto->has_mirrors || hit_resubmit_limit) {
         /* Do this conditionally because the copy is expensive enough that it
          * shows up in profiles. */
-        orig_flow = ctx->flow;
+        orig_flow = ctx.xin->flow;
     }
 
-    if (ctx->flow.nw_frag & FLOW_NW_FRAG_ANY) {
-        switch (ctx->ofproto->up.frag_handling) {
+    if (ctx.xin->flow.nw_frag & FLOW_NW_FRAG_ANY) {
+        switch (ctx.ofproto->up.frag_handling) {
         case OFPC_FRAG_NORMAL:
             /* We must pretend that transport ports are unavailable. */
-            ctx->flow.tp_src = ctx->base_flow.tp_src = htons(0);
-            ctx->flow.tp_dst = ctx->base_flow.tp_dst = htons(0);
+            ctx.xin->flow.tp_src = ctx.base_flow.tp_src = htons(0);
+            ctx.xin->flow.tp_dst = ctx.base_flow.tp_dst = htons(0);
             break;
 
         case OFPC_FRAG_DROP:
@@ -7126,34 +7183,35 @@ xlate_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
         }
     }
 
-    in_port = get_ofp_port(ctx->ofproto, ctx->flow.in_port);
-    special = process_special(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->flow, in_port, ctx->packet);
+    in_port = get_ofp_port(ctx.ofproto, ctx.xin->flow.in_port);
+    special = process_special(&ctx, &ctx.xin->flow, in_port,
+                              ctx.xin->packet);
     if (special) {
-        ctx->slow |= special;
+        ctx.xout->slow = special;
     } else {
         static struct vlog_rate_limit trace_rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 1);
         struct initial_vals initial_vals;
+        size_t sample_actions_len;
         uint32_t local_odp_port;
 
-        initial_vals.vlan_tci = ctx->base_flow.vlan_tci;
-        initial_vals.tunnel_ip_tos = ctx->base_flow.tunnel.ip_tos;
+        initial_vals.vlan_tci = ctx.base_flow.vlan_tci;
+        initial_vals.tunnel_ip_tos = ctx.base_flow.tunnel.ip_tos;
 
-        add_sflow_action(ctx);
-        add_ipfix_action(ctx);
+        add_sflow_action(&ctx);
+        add_ipfix_action(&ctx);
+        sample_actions_len = ctx.xout->odp_actions.size;
 
-        if (tunnel_ecn_ok(ctx) && (!in_port || may_receive(in_port, ctx))) {
-            do_xlate_actions(ofpacts, ofpacts_len, ctx);
+        if (tunnel_ecn_ok(&ctx) && (!in_port || may_receive(in_port, &ctx))) {
+            do_xlate_actions(ofpacts, ofpacts_len, &ctx);
 
             /* We've let OFPP_NORMAL and the learning action look at the
              * packet, so drop it now if forwarding is disabled. */
             if (in_port && !stp_forward_in_state(in_port->stp_state)) {
-                ofpbuf_clear(ctx->odp_actions);
-                add_sflow_action(ctx);
-                add_ipfix_action(ctx);
+                ctx.xout->odp_actions.size = sample_actions_len;
             }
         }
 
-        if (ctx->max_resubmit_trigger && !ctx->resubmit_hook) {
+        if (ctx.max_resubmit_trigger && !ctx.xin->resubmit_hook) {
             if (!hit_resubmit_limit) {
                 /* We didn't record the original flow.  Make sure we do from
                  * now on. */
@@ -7161,7 +7219,7 @@ xlate_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
             } else if (!VLOG_DROP_ERR(&trace_rl)) {
                 struct ds ds = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
 
-                ofproto_trace(ctx->ofproto, &orig_flow, ctx->packet,
+                ofproto_trace(ctx.ofproto, &orig_flow, ctx.xin->packet,
                               &initial_vals, &ds);
                 VLOG_ERR("Trace triggered by excessive resubmit "
                          "recursion:\n%s", ds_cstr(&ds));
@@ -7169,49 +7227,64 @@ xlate_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
             }
         }
 
-        local_odp_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ctx->ofproto, OFPP_LOCAL);
-        if (!connmgr_may_set_up_flow(ctx->ofproto->up.connmgr, &ctx->flow,
-                                     local_odp_port,
-                                     ctx->odp_actions->data,
-                                     ctx->odp_actions->size)) {
-            ctx->slow |= SLOW_IN_BAND;
-            if (ctx->packet
-                && connmgr_msg_in_hook(ctx->ofproto->up.connmgr, &ctx->flow,
-                                       ctx->packet)) {
-                compose_output_action(ctx, OFPP_LOCAL);
-            }
+        local_odp_port = ofp_port_to_odp_port(ctx.ofproto, OFPP_LOCAL);
+        if (!connmgr_must_output_local(ctx.ofproto->up.connmgr, &ctx.xin->flow,
+                                       local_odp_port,
+                                       ctx.xout->odp_actions.data,
+                                       ctx.xout->odp_actions.size)) {
+            compose_output_action(&ctx, OFPP_LOCAL);
         }
-        if (ctx->ofproto->has_mirrors) {
-            add_mirror_actions(ctx, &orig_flow);
+        if (ctx.ofproto->has_mirrors) {
+            add_mirror_actions(&ctx, &orig_flow);
         }
-        fix_sflow_action(ctx);
+        fix_sflow_action(&ctx);
     }
 
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&ctx->stack);
+    ofpbuf_uninit(&ctx.stack);
+
+    /* Clear the metadata and register wildcard masks, because we won't
+     * use non-header fields as part of the cache. */
+    memset(&ctx.xout->wc.masks.metadata, 0,
+           sizeof ctx.xout->wc.masks.metadata);
+    memset(&ctx.xout->wc.masks.regs, 0, sizeof ctx.xout->wc.masks.regs);
 }
 
 /* Translates the 'ofpacts_len' bytes of "struct ofpact"s starting at 'ofpacts'
  * into datapath actions, using 'ctx', and discards the datapath actions. */
 static void
-xlate_actions_for_side_effects(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx,
-                               const struct ofpact *ofpacts,
-                               size_t ofpacts_len)
+xlate_actions_for_side_effects(struct xlate_in *xin)
 {
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
 
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions, odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    xlate_actions(ctx, ofpacts, ofpacts_len, &odp_actions);
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+    xlate_actions(xin, &xout);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_report(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
+xlate_report(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
 {
-    if (ctx->report_hook) {
-        ctx->report_hook(ctx, s);
+    if (ctx->xin->report_hook) {
+        ctx->xin->report_hook(ctx, s);
     }
 }
+
+static void
+xlate_out_copy(struct xlate_out *dst, const struct xlate_out *src)
+{
+    dst->wc = src->wc;
+    dst->tags = src->tags;
+    dst->slow = src->slow;
+    dst->has_learn = src->has_learn;
+    dst->has_normal = src->has_normal;
+    dst->has_fin_timeout = src->has_fin_timeout;
+    dst->nf_output_iface = src->nf_output_iface;
+    dst->mirrors = src->mirrors;
+
+    ofpbuf_use_stub(&dst->odp_actions, dst->odp_actions_stub,
+                    sizeof dst->odp_actions_stub);
+    ofpbuf_put(&dst->odp_actions, src->odp_actions.data,
+               src->odp_actions.size);
+}
 \f
 /* OFPP_NORMAL implementation. */
 
@@ -7327,7 +7400,7 @@ output_vlan_to_vid(const struct ofbundle *out_bundle, uint16_t vlan)
 }
 
 static void
-output_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct ofbundle *out_bundle,
+output_normal(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct ofbundle *out_bundle,
               uint16_t vlan)
 {
     struct ofport_dpif *port;
@@ -7338,26 +7411,26 @@ output_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct ofbundle *out_bundle,
     if (!out_bundle->bond) {
         port = ofbundle_get_a_port(out_bundle);
     } else {
-        port = bond_choose_output_slave(out_bundle->bond, &ctx->flow,
-                                        vid, &ctx->tags);
+        port = bond_choose_output_slave(out_bundle->bond, &ctx->xin->flow,
+                                        &ctx->xout->wc, vid, &ctx->xout->tags);
         if (!port) {
             /* No slaves enabled, so drop packet. */
             return;
         }
     }
 
-    old_tci = ctx->flow.vlan_tci;
+    old_tci = ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci;
     tci = htons(vid);
     if (tci || out_bundle->use_priority_tags) {
-        tci |= ctx->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_PCP_MASK);
+        tci |= ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_PCP_MASK);
         if (tci) {
             tci |= htons(VLAN_CFI);
         }
     }
-    ctx->flow.vlan_tci = tci;
+    ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = tci;
 
     compose_output_action(ctx, port->up.ofp_port);
-    ctx->flow.vlan_tci = old_tci;
+    ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci = old_tci;
 }
 
 static int
@@ -7395,7 +7468,7 @@ vlan_is_mirrored(const struct ofmirror *m, int vlan)
 }
 
 static void
-add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
+add_mirror_actions(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ctx->ofproto;
     mirror_mask_t mirrors;
@@ -7406,7 +7479,7 @@ add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
     size_t left;
 
     in_bundle = lookup_input_bundle(ctx->ofproto, orig_flow->in_port,
-                                    ctx->packet != NULL, NULL);
+                                    ctx->xin->packet != NULL, NULL);
     if (!in_bundle) {
         return;
     }
@@ -7414,7 +7487,7 @@ add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
 
     /* Drop frames on bundles reserved for mirroring. */
     if (in_bundle->mirror_out) {
-        if (ctx->packet != NULL) {
+        if (ctx->xin->packet != NULL) {
             static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
             VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "bridge %s: dropping packet received on port "
                          "%s, which is reserved exclusively for mirroring",
@@ -7425,15 +7498,15 @@ add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
 
     /* Check VLAN. */
     vid = vlan_tci_to_vid(orig_flow->vlan_tci);
-    if (!input_vid_is_valid(vid, in_bundle, ctx->packet != NULL)) {
+    if (!input_vid_is_valid(vid, in_bundle, ctx->xin->packet != NULL)) {
         return;
     }
     vlan = input_vid_to_vlan(in_bundle, vid);
 
     /* Look at the output ports to check for destination selections. */
 
-    NL_ATTR_FOR_EACH (a, left, ctx->odp_actions->data,
-                      ctx->odp_actions->size) {
+    NL_ATTR_FOR_EACH (a, left, ctx->xout->odp_actions.data,
+                      ctx->xout->odp_actions.size) {
         enum ovs_action_attr type = nl_attr_type(a);
         struct ofport_dpif *ofport;
 
@@ -7452,20 +7525,24 @@ add_mirror_actions(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const struct flow *orig_flow)
     }
 
     /* Restore the original packet before adding the mirror actions. */
-    ctx->flow = *orig_flow;
+    ctx->xin->flow = *orig_flow;
 
     while (mirrors) {
         struct ofmirror *m;
 
         m = ofproto->mirrors[mirror_mask_ffs(mirrors) - 1];
 
+        if (m->vlans) {
+            ctx->xout->wc.masks.vlan_tci |= htons(VLAN_CFI | VLAN_VID_MASK);
+        }
+
         if (!vlan_is_mirrored(m, vlan)) {
             mirrors = zero_rightmost_1bit(mirrors);
             continue;
         }
 
         mirrors &= ~m->dup_mirrors;
-        ctx->mirrors |= m->dup_mirrors;
+        ctx->xout->mirrors |= m->dup_mirrors;
         if (m->out) {
             output_normal(ctx, m->out, vlan);
         } else if (vlan != m->out_vlan
@@ -7514,19 +7591,34 @@ update_mirror_stats(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, mirror_mask_t mirrors,
  * migration.  Older Citrix-patched Linux DomU used gratuitous ARP replies to
  * indicate this; newer upstream kernels use gratuitous ARP requests. */
 static bool
-is_gratuitous_arp(const struct flow *flow)
+is_gratuitous_arp(const struct flow *flow, struct flow_wildcards *wc)
 {
-    return (flow->dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_ARP)
-            && eth_addr_is_broadcast(flow->dl_dst)
-            && (flow->nw_proto == ARP_OP_REPLY
-                || (flow->nw_proto == ARP_OP_REQUEST
-                    && flow->nw_src == flow->nw_dst)));
+    if (flow->dl_type != htons(ETH_TYPE_ARP)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    memset(&wc->masks.dl_dst, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.dl_dst);
+    if (!eth_addr_is_broadcast(flow->dl_dst)) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    memset(&wc->masks.nw_proto, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.nw_proto);
+    if (flow->nw_proto == ARP_OP_REPLY) {
+        return true;
+    } else if (flow->nw_proto == ARP_OP_REQUEST) {
+        memset(&wc->masks.nw_src, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.nw_src);
+        memset(&wc->masks.nw_dst, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.nw_dst);
+
+        return flow->nw_src == flow->nw_dst;
+    } else {
+        return false;
+    }
 }
 
 static void
 update_learning_table(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
-                      const struct flow *flow, int vlan,
-                      struct ofbundle *in_bundle)
+                      const struct flow *flow, struct flow_wildcards *wc,
+                      int vlan, struct ofbundle *in_bundle)
 {
     struct mac_entry *mac;
 
@@ -7540,7 +7632,7 @@ update_learning_table(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
     }
 
     mac = mac_learning_insert(ofproto->ml, flow->dl_src, vlan);
-    if (is_gratuitous_arp(flow)) {
+    if (is_gratuitous_arp(flow, wc)) {
         /* We don't want to learn from gratuitous ARP packets that are
          * reflected back over bond slaves so we lock the learning table. */
         if (!in_bundle->bond) {
@@ -7623,11 +7715,11 @@ lookup_input_bundle(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, uint16_t in_port,
  * so in one special case.
  */
 static bool
-is_admissible(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofport_dpif *in_port,
+is_admissible(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofport_dpif *in_port,
               uint16_t vlan)
 {
     struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto = ctx->ofproto;
-    struct flow *flow = &ctx->flow;
+    struct flow *flow = &ctx->xin->flow;
     struct ofbundle *in_bundle = in_port->bundle;
 
     /* Drop frames for reserved multicast addresses
@@ -7641,7 +7733,7 @@ is_admissible(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofport_dpif *in_port,
         struct mac_entry *mac;
 
         switch (bond_check_admissibility(in_bundle->bond, in_port,
-                                         flow->dl_dst, &ctx->tags)) {
+                                         flow->dl_dst, &ctx->xout->tags)) {
         case BV_ACCEPT:
             break;
 
@@ -7652,7 +7744,7 @@ is_admissible(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofport_dpif *in_port,
         case BV_DROP_IF_MOVED:
             mac = mac_learning_lookup(ofproto->ml, flow->dl_src, vlan, NULL);
             if (mac && mac->port.p != in_bundle &&
-                (!is_gratuitous_arp(flow)
+                (!is_gratuitous_arp(flow, &ctx->xout->wc)
                  || mac_entry_is_grat_arp_locked(mac))) {
                 xlate_report(ctx, "SLB bond thinks this packet looped back, "
                             "dropping");
@@ -7666,27 +7758,33 @@ is_admissible(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct ofport_dpif *in_port,
 }
 
 static void
-xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
+xlate_normal(struct xlate_ctx *ctx)
 {
+    struct flow_wildcards *wc = &ctx->xout->wc;
     struct ofport_dpif *in_port;
     struct ofbundle *in_bundle;
     struct mac_entry *mac;
     uint16_t vlan;
     uint16_t vid;
 
-    ctx->has_normal = true;
+    ctx->xout->has_normal = true;
+
+    /* Check the dl_type, since we may check for gratuituous ARP. */
+    memset(&wc->masks.dl_src, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.dl_src);
+    memset(&wc->masks.dl_dst, 0xff, sizeof wc->masks.dl_dst);
+    wc->masks.vlan_tci |= htons(VLAN_VID_MASK | VLAN_CFI);
 
-    in_bundle = lookup_input_bundle(ctx->ofproto, ctx->flow.in_port,
-                                    ctx->packet != NULL, &in_port);
+    in_bundle = lookup_input_bundle(ctx->ofproto, ctx->xin->flow.in_port,
+                                    ctx->xin->packet != NULL, &in_port);
     if (!in_bundle) {
         xlate_report(ctx, "no input bundle, dropping");
         return;
     }
 
     /* Drop malformed frames. */
-    if (ctx->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_VLAN) &&
-        !(ctx->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_CFI))) {
-        if (ctx->packet != NULL) {
+    if (ctx->xin->flow.dl_type == htons(ETH_TYPE_VLAN) &&
+        !(ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci & htons(VLAN_CFI))) {
+        if (ctx->xin->packet != NULL) {
             static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
             VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "bridge %s: dropping packet with partial "
                          "VLAN tag received on port %s",
@@ -7698,7 +7796,7 @@ xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
 
     /* Drop frames on bundles reserved for mirroring. */
     if (in_bundle->mirror_out) {
-        if (ctx->packet != NULL) {
+        if (ctx->xin->packet != NULL) {
             static struct vlog_rate_limit rl = VLOG_RATE_LIMIT_INIT(1, 5);
             VLOG_WARN_RL(&rl, "bridge %s: dropping packet received on port "
                          "%s, which is reserved exclusively for mirroring",
@@ -7709,8 +7807,8 @@ xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
     }
 
     /* Check VLAN. */
-    vid = vlan_tci_to_vid(ctx->flow.vlan_tci);
-    if (!input_vid_is_valid(vid, in_bundle, ctx->packet != NULL)) {
+    vid = vlan_tci_to_vid(ctx->xin->flow.vlan_tci);
+    if (!input_vid_is_valid(vid, in_bundle, ctx->xin->packet != NULL)) {
         xlate_report(ctx, "disallowed VLAN VID for this input port, dropping");
         return;
     }
@@ -7722,13 +7820,14 @@ xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
     }
 
     /* Learn source MAC. */
-    if (ctx->may_learn) {
-        update_learning_table(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->flow, vlan, in_bundle);
+    if (ctx->xin->may_learn) {
+        update_learning_table(ctx->ofproto, &ctx->xin->flow, wc,
+                              vlan, in_bundle);
     }
 
     /* Determine output bundle. */
-    mac = mac_learning_lookup(ctx->ofproto->ml, ctx->flow.dl_dst, vlan,
-                              &ctx->tags);
+    mac = mac_learning_lookup(ctx->ofproto->ml, ctx->xin->flow.dl_dst, vlan,
+                              &ctx->xout->tags);
     if (mac) {
         if (mac->port.p != in_bundle) {
             xlate_report(ctx, "forwarding to learned port");
@@ -7748,7 +7847,7 @@ xlate_normal(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx)
                 output_normal(ctx, bundle, vlan);
             }
         }
-        ctx->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
+        ctx->xout->nf_output_iface = NF_OUT_FLOOD;
     }
 }
 \f
@@ -7887,12 +7986,10 @@ packet_out(struct ofproto *ofproto_, struct ofpbuf *packet,
     struct initial_vals initial_vals;
     struct odputil_keybuf keybuf;
     struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
-
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
     struct ofpbuf key;
 
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
-    uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
-    struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
 
     ofpbuf_use_stack(&key, &keybuf, sizeof keybuf);
     odp_flow_key_from_flow(&key, flow,
@@ -7902,16 +7999,16 @@ packet_out(struct ofproto *ofproto_, struct ofpbuf *packet,
 
     initial_vals.vlan_tci = flow->vlan_tci;
     initial_vals.tunnel_ip_tos = 0;
-    action_xlate_ctx_init(&ctx, ofproto, flow, &initial_vals, NULL,
-                          packet_get_tcp_flags(packet, flow), packet);
-    ctx.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+    xlate_in_init(&xin, ofproto, flow, &initial_vals, NULL, stats.tcp_flags,
+                  packet);
+    xin.resubmit_stats = &stats;
+    xin.ofpacts_len = ofpacts_len;
+    xin.ofpacts = ofpacts;
 
-    ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions,
-                    odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-    xlate_actions(&ctx, ofpacts, ofpacts_len, &odp_actions);
+    xlate_actions(&xin, &xout);
     dpif_execute(ofproto->backer->dpif, key.data, key.size,
-                 odp_actions.data, odp_actions.size, packet);
-    ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
+                 xout.odp_actions.data, xout.odp_actions.size, packet);
+    xlate_out_uninit(&xout);
 
     return 0;
 }
@@ -7957,7 +8054,8 @@ send_active_timeout(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, struct facet *facet)
             if (subfacet->path == SF_FAST_PATH) {
                 struct dpif_flow_stats stats;
 
-                subfacet_reinstall(subfacet, &stats);
+                subfacet_install(subfacet, &facet->xout.odp_actions,
+                                 &stats);
                 subfacet_update_stats(subfacet, &stats);
             }
         }
@@ -7973,9 +8071,11 @@ send_active_timeout(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, struct facet *facet)
 static void
 send_netflow_active_timeouts(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto)
 {
+    struct cls_cursor cursor;
     struct facet *facet;
 
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (facet, hmap_node, &ofproto->facets) {
+    cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
+    CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH (facet, cr, &cursor) {
         send_active_timeout(ofproto, facet);
     }
 }
@@ -8043,7 +8143,8 @@ ofproto_unixctl_fdb_show(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc OVS_UNUSED,
 }
 
 struct trace_ctx {
-    struct action_xlate_ctx ctx;
+    struct xlate_out xout;
+    struct xlate_in xin;
     struct flow flow;
     struct ds *result;
 };
@@ -8071,15 +8172,15 @@ trace_format_rule(struct ds *result, uint8_t table_id, int level,
 
 static void
 trace_format_flow(struct ds *result, int level, const char *title,
-                 struct trace_ctx *trace)
+                  struct trace_ctx *trace)
 {
     ds_put_char_multiple(result, '\t', level);
     ds_put_format(result, "%s: ", title);
-    if (flow_equal(&trace->ctx.flow, &trace->flow)) {
+    if (flow_equal(&trace->xin.flow, &trace->flow)) {
         ds_put_cstr(result, "unchanged");
     } else {
-        flow_format(result, &trace->ctx.flow);
-        trace->flow = trace->ctx.flow;
+        flow_format(result, &trace->xin.flow);
+        trace->flow = trace->xin.flow;
     }
     ds_put_char(result, '\n');
 }
@@ -8102,7 +8203,7 @@ static void
 trace_format_odp(struct ds *result, int level, const char *title,
                  struct trace_ctx *trace)
 {
-    struct ofpbuf *odp_actions = trace->ctx.odp_actions;
+    struct ofpbuf *odp_actions = &trace->xout.odp_actions;
 
     ds_put_char_multiple(result, '\t', level);
     ds_put_format(result, "%s: ", title);
@@ -8111,9 +8212,9 @@ trace_format_odp(struct ds *result, int level, const char *title,
 }
 
 static void
-trace_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
+trace_resubmit(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
 {
-    struct trace_ctx *trace = CONTAINER_OF(ctx, struct trace_ctx, ctx);
+    struct trace_ctx *trace = CONTAINER_OF(ctx->xin, struct trace_ctx, xin);
     struct ds *result = trace->result;
 
     ds_put_char(result, '\n');
@@ -8124,9 +8225,9 @@ trace_resubmit(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, struct rule_dpif *rule)
 }
 
 static void
-trace_report(struct action_xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
+trace_report(struct xlate_ctx *ctx, const char *s)
 {
-    struct trace_ctx *trace = CONTAINER_OF(ctx, struct trace_ctx, ctx);
+    struct trace_ctx *trace = CONTAINER_OF(ctx->xin, struct trace_ctx, xin);
     struct ds *result = trace->result;
 
     ds_put_char_multiple(result, '\t', ctx->recurse);
@@ -8177,7 +8278,7 @@ ofproto_unixctl_trace(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc, const char *argv[],
 
             /* Convert string to datapath key. */
             ofpbuf_init(&odp_key, 0);
-            error = odp_flow_key_from_string(flow_s, NULL, &odp_key);
+            error = odp_flow_from_string(flow_s, NULL, &odp_key, NULL);
             if (error) {
                 unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "Bad flow syntax");
                 goto exit;
@@ -8265,7 +8366,7 @@ ofproto_trace(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
     flow_format(ds, flow);
     ds_put_char(ds, '\n');
 
-    rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, flow);
+    rule = rule_dpif_lookup(ofproto, flow, NULL);
 
     trace_format_rule(ds, 0, 0, rule);
     if (rule == ofproto->miss_rule) {
@@ -8273,13 +8374,16 @@ ofproto_trace(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
     } else if (rule == ofproto->no_packet_in_rule) {
         ds_put_cstr(ds, "\nNo match, packets dropped because "
                     "OFPPC_NO_PACKET_IN is set on in_port.\n");
+    } else if (rule == ofproto->drop_frags_rule) {
+        ds_put_cstr(ds, "\nPackets dropped because they are IP fragments "
+                    "and the fragment handling mode is \"drop\".\n");
     }
 
     if (rule) {
         uint64_t odp_actions_stub[1024 / 8];
         struct ofpbuf odp_actions;
-
         struct trace_ctx trace;
+        struct match match;
         uint8_t tcp_flags;
 
         tcp_flags = packet ? packet_get_tcp_flags(packet, flow) : 0;
@@ -8287,64 +8391,48 @@ ofproto_trace(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, const struct flow *flow,
         trace.flow = *flow;
         ofpbuf_use_stub(&odp_actions,
                         odp_actions_stub, sizeof odp_actions_stub);
-        action_xlate_ctx_init(&trace.ctx, ofproto, flow, initial_vals,
-                              rule, tcp_flags, packet);
-        trace.ctx.resubmit_hook = trace_resubmit;
-        trace.ctx.report_hook = trace_report;
-        xlate_actions(&trace.ctx, rule->up.ofpacts, rule->up.ofpacts_len,
-                      &odp_actions);
+        xlate_in_init(&trace.xin, ofproto, flow, initial_vals, rule, tcp_flags,
+                      packet);
+        trace.xin.resubmit_hook = trace_resubmit;
+        trace.xin.report_hook = trace_report;
+
+        xlate_actions(&trace.xin, &trace.xout);
 
         ds_put_char(ds, '\n');
         trace_format_flow(ds, 0, "Final flow", &trace);
-        ds_put_cstr(ds, "Datapath actions: ");
-        format_odp_actions(ds, odp_actions.data, odp_actions.size);
-        ofpbuf_uninit(&odp_actions);
 
-        if (trace.ctx.slow) {
-            enum slow_path_reason slow;
+        match_init(&match, flow, &trace.xout.wc);
+        ds_put_cstr(ds, "Relevant fields: ");
+        match_format(&match, ds, OFP_DEFAULT_PRIORITY);
+        ds_put_char(ds, '\n');
+
+        ds_put_cstr(ds, "Datapath actions: ");
+        format_odp_actions(ds, trace.xout.odp_actions.data,
+                           trace.xout.odp_actions.size);
 
+        if (trace.xout.slow) {
             ds_put_cstr(ds, "\nThis flow is handled by the userspace "
                         "slow path because it:");
-            for (slow = trace.ctx.slow; slow; ) {
-                enum slow_path_reason bit = rightmost_1bit(slow);
-
-                switch (bit) {
-                case SLOW_CFM:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of CFM packets.");
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_LACP:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of LACP packets.");
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_STP:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of STP packets.");
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_IN_BAND:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Needs in-band special case "
-                                "processing.");
-                    if (!packet) {
-                        ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t  (The datapath actions are "
-                                    "incomplete--for complete actions, "
-                                    "please supply a packet.)");
-                    }
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_CONTROLLER:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Sends \"packet-in\" messages "
-                                "to the OpenFlow controller.");
-                    break;
-                case SLOW_MATCH:
-                    ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Needs more specific matching "
-                                "than the datapath supports.");
-                    break;
-                }
-
-                slow &= ~bit;
-            }
-
-            if (slow & ~SLOW_MATCH) {
-                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\nThe datapath actions above do not reflect "
-                            "the special slow-path processing.");
+            switch (trace.xout.slow) {
+            case SLOW_CFM:
+                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of CFM packets.");
+                break;
+            case SLOW_LACP:
+                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of LACP packets.");
+                break;
+            case SLOW_STP:
+                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Consists of STP packets.");
+                break;
+            case SLOW_CONTROLLER:
+                ds_put_cstr(ds, "\n\t- Sends \"packet-in\" messages "
+                            "to the OpenFlow controller.");
+                break;
+            case __SLOW_MAX:
+                NOT_REACHED();
             }
         }
+
+        xlate_out_uninit(&trace.xout);
     }
 }
 
@@ -8369,11 +8457,13 @@ ofproto_dpif_unclog(struct unixctl_conn *conn OVS_UNUSED, int argc OVS_UNUSED,
 static void
 ofproto_dpif_self_check__(struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto, struct ds *reply)
 {
+    struct cls_cursor cursor;
     struct facet *facet;
     int errors;
 
     errors = 0;
-    HMAP_FOR_EACH (facet, hmap_node, &ofproto->facets) {
+    cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
+    CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH (facet, cr, &cursor) {
         if (!facet_check_consistency(facet)) {
             errors++;
         }
@@ -8586,6 +8676,60 @@ ofproto_unixctl_dpif_show(struct unixctl_conn *conn, int argc,
     ds_destroy(&ds);
 }
 
+/* Dump the megaflow (facet) cache.  This is useful to check the
+ * correctness of flow wildcarding, since the same mechanism is used for
+ * both xlate caching and kernel wildcarding.
+ *
+ * It's important to note that in the output the flow description uses
+ * OpenFlow (OFP) ports, but the actions use datapath (ODP) ports.
+ *
+ * This command is only needed for advanced debugging, so it's not
+ * documented in the man page. */
+static void
+ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_megaflows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
+                                    int argc OVS_UNUSED, const char *argv[],
+                                    void *aux OVS_UNUSED)
+{
+    struct ds ds = DS_EMPTY_INITIALIZER;
+    const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto;
+    long long int now = time_msec();
+    struct cls_cursor cursor;
+    struct facet *facet;
+
+    ofproto = ofproto_dpif_lookup(argv[1]);
+    if (!ofproto) {
+        unixctl_command_reply_error(conn, "no such bridge");
+        return;
+    }
+
+    cls_cursor_init(&cursor, &ofproto->facets, NULL);
+    CLS_CURSOR_FOR_EACH (facet, cr, &cursor) {
+        cls_rule_format(&facet->cr, &ds);
+        ds_put_cstr(&ds, ", ");
+        ds_put_format(&ds, "n_subfacets:%zu, ", list_size(&facet->subfacets));
+        ds_put_format(&ds, "used:%.3fs, ", (now - facet->used) / 1000.0);
+        ds_put_cstr(&ds, "Datapath actions: ");
+        if (facet->xout.slow) {
+            uint64_t slow_path_stub[128 / 8];
+            const struct nlattr *actions;
+            size_t actions_len;
+
+            compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, facet->xout.slow,
+                              slow_path_stub, sizeof slow_path_stub,
+                              &actions, &actions_len);
+            format_odp_actions(&ds, actions, actions_len);
+        } else {
+            format_odp_actions(&ds, facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
+                               facet->xout.odp_actions.size);
+        }
+        ds_put_cstr(&ds, "\n");
+    }
+
+    ds_chomp(&ds, '\n');
+    unixctl_command_reply(conn, ds_cstr(&ds));
+    ds_destroy(&ds);
+}
+
 static void
 ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_flows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
                                 int argc OVS_UNUSED, const char *argv[],
@@ -8604,6 +8748,8 @@ ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_flows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
     update_stats(ofproto->backer);
 
     HMAP_FOR_EACH (subfacet, hmap_node, &ofproto->subfacets) {
+        struct facet *facet = subfacet->facet;
+
         odp_flow_key_format(subfacet->key, subfacet->key_len, &ds);
 
         ds_put_format(&ds, ", packets:%"PRIu64", bytes:%"PRIu64", used:",
@@ -8620,17 +8766,18 @@ ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_flows(struct unixctl_conn *conn,
         }
 
         ds_put_cstr(&ds, ", actions:");
-        if (subfacet->slow) {
+        if (facet->xout.slow) {
             uint64_t slow_path_stub[128 / 8];
             const struct nlattr *actions;
             size_t actions_len;
 
-            compose_slow_path(ofproto, &subfacet->facet->flow, subfacet->slow,
+            compose_slow_path(ofproto, &facet->flow, facet->xout.slow,
                               slow_path_stub, sizeof slow_path_stub,
                               &actions, &actions_len);
             format_odp_actions(&ds, actions, actions_len);
         } else {
-            format_odp_actions(&ds, subfacet->actions, subfacet->actions_len);
+            format_odp_actions(&ds, facet->xout.odp_actions.data,
+                               facet->xout.odp_actions.size);
         }
         ds_put_char(&ds, '\n');
     }
@@ -8690,6 +8837,8 @@ ofproto_dpif_unixctl_init(void)
                              ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_flows, NULL);
     unixctl_command_register("dpif/del-flows", "bridge", 1, 1,
                              ofproto_unixctl_dpif_del_flows, NULL);
+    unixctl_command_register("dpif/dump-megaflows", "bridge", 1, 1,
+                             ofproto_unixctl_dpif_dump_megaflows, NULL);
 }
 \f
 /* Linux VLAN device support (e.g. "eth0.10" for VLAN 10.)
@@ -8737,33 +8886,31 @@ hash_realdev_vid(uint16_t realdev_ofp_port, int vid)
     return hash_2words(realdev_ofp_port, vid);
 }
 
-/* Returns the ODP port number of the Linux VLAN device that corresponds to
- * 'vlan_tci' on the network device with port number 'realdev_odp_port' in
- * 'ofproto'.  For example, given 'realdev_odp_port' of eth0 and 'vlan_tci' 9,
- * it would return the port number of eth0.9.
+/* Returns the OFP port number of the Linux VLAN device that corresponds to
+ * 'vlan_tci' on the network device with port number 'realdev_ofp_port' in
+ * 'struct ofport_dpif'.  For example, given 'realdev_ofp_port' of eth0 and
+ * 'vlan_tci' 9, it would return the port number of eth0.9.
  *
- * Unless VLAN splinters are enabled for port 'realdev_odp_port', this
- * function just returns its 'realdev_odp_port' argument. */
-static uint32_t
+ * Unless VLAN splinters are enabled for port 'realdev_ofp_port', this
+ * function just returns its 'realdev_ofp_port' argument. */
+static uint16_t
 vsp_realdev_to_vlandev(const struct ofproto_dpif *ofproto,
-                       uint32_t realdev_odp_port, ovs_be16 vlan_tci)
+                       uint16_t realdev_ofp_port, ovs_be16 vlan_tci)
 {
     if (!hmap_is_empty(&ofproto->realdev_vid_map)) {
-        uint16_t realdev_ofp_port;
         int vid = vlan_tci_to_vid(vlan_tci);
         const struct vlan_splinter *vsp;
 
-        realdev_ofp_port = odp_port_to_ofp_port(ofproto, realdev_odp_port);
         HMAP_FOR_EACH_WITH_HASH (vsp, realdev_vid_node,
                                  hash_realdev_vid(realdev_ofp_port, vid),
                                  &ofproto->realdev_vid_map) {
             if (vsp->realdev_ofp_port == realdev_ofp_port
                 && vsp->vid == vid) {
-                return ofp_port_to_odp_port(ofproto, vsp->vlandev_ofp_port);
+                return vsp->vlandev_ofp_port;
             }
         }
     }
-    return realdev_odp_port;
+    return realdev_ofp_port;
 }
 
 static struct vlan_splinter *